Microwave engineering : passive circuits

PREFACE FOREWORD 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 The Microwave Spectrum 1-2 Historical Background 1-3 Microwave Applications 1-4 Standard Notation, Prefixes, and Physical Constants References 2 ELEMENTARY FIELDS AND WAVES 2-1 Electric and Magnetic Fields a. The Electric Field, b. The Magnetic Field, 2-2 Fields in Conductors and Insulators a. The Electric Field in Conducting Materials, b. The Electric Field in Dielectrics, c. The Magnetic Field in Magnetic Materials, 2-3 Maxwell’s Equations and Boundary Conditions a. Maxwell’s Equations, b. Boundary Conditions for Electric and Magnetic Fields, 2-4 Wave Propagation in Perfect Insulators 2-5 Wave Polarization 2-6 Wave Propagation in Imperfect Insulators and Conductors a. Plane Waves in a Lossy Dielectric, b. Plane Waves in a Good Conductor, 2- 7 Reflections at Conducting and Dielectric Boundaries a. Reflections from a Perfect Conductor, b. Reflections and Refractions at a Dielectric Boundary, References Problems 3 TRANSMISSION-LINE THEORY 3-1 Circuit Representation of Transmission Lines 3-2 Transients on a Transmission Line 3-3 Sinusoidal Excitation of Transmission Lines 3-4 Terminated Transmission Lines a. Lines Terminated in ZL , the General Case, b. Some Special Cases of Terminated Lines, c. Power Flow along Terminated Lines, 3-5 The Impedance Transformation 3-6 Examples of the Impedance Transformation a. Impedance Transformation on a Lossless Line, b. Impedance Transformation on a Lossy Line, 3-7 The Smith Chart a. The Basis of the Smith Chart, b. Typical Smith Chart Computations References Problems 4 IMPEDANCE MATCHING AND TWO-PORT NETWORK ANALYSIS 4-1 Some Impedance Matching Techniques a. Reactive Matching Networks, b. Transmission-Line Sections as Matching Networks, c. Dissipative Matching Networks, d. Variable Matching Networks, 4-2 Quarter-Wave and Tapered-Line Impedance Transformers a. The Single-Section Quarter-Wave Transformer, b. Multisection Quarter-Wave Transformers, c. Tapered-Line Transformers, 4-3 Two- Port Network Analysis with Transmission Matrices a. ABCD Matrix Analysis of Two-Port Networks, b. The Wave-Transmission Matrix, 4-4 S-Parameters and Signal Flow Graphs References Problems 5 MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION UNES 5-1 The Open Two-Wire Line 5-2 The Coaxial Line 5-3 Strip-Type Transmission Lines 5-4 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides a. Rectangular Waveguide, b. Circular Waveguide, ★5-5 Theory of Waveguide Transmission a. Rectangular Waveguide Transmission, b. Circular Waveguide Transmission, 5-6 Some Special Waveguide Configurations References Problems 6 COAXIAL AND STRIPLINE COMPONENTS 6-1 Terminations a. Matched Loads, b. Short and Open Circuits, c. Standard Mismatches, d. Variable Reactances, 6-2 Connectors and Transitions a. Dielectric Bead Supports, b. Standard Coaxial Connectors, c. TEM to TEM Transitions, 6-3 Attenuators and Phase Shifters a. Coaxial and Stripline Attenuators, b. Coaxial and Strip line Phase Shifters, 6-4 Transmission-Line Discontinuities a. Coaxial Discontinuities, b. Stripline and Microstrip Discontinuities, 6-5 DC Returns and Blocks a. DC Returns, b. DC Blocks, c. Bias-Injection Circuits, 6-6 Lowpass Filters 6-7 Microwave Integrated Circuits References Problems 7 WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS 7-1 Mode Transducers a. Coaxial to Waveguide Transitions, b. Waveguide to Waveguide Transitions, c. Waveguide Bends and Twists, d. Circular Polarizers, 7-2 Waveguide Discontinuities 7-3 Terminations a. Matched Loads, b. Standard Mismatches, c. Adjustable Short Circuits, d. Waveguide Flanges, 7-4 Attenuators and Phase Shifters a. Waveguide Attenuators, b. Waveguide Phase Shifters, 7-5 Rotary Joints 7-6 Mechanical- and Gas-Type Switches a. Mechanical Switches, b. Gas Discharge Switches, References Problems 8 RECIPROCAL MULTIPORT JUNCTIONS 8-1 Three-Port Junctions a. Coaxial and Stripline Configurations, b. Waveguide Three-Port Junctions, 8-2 Hybrid Junctions 8-3 Directional Couplers a. Discrete Coupling, b. Distributed Coupling, 8-4 Other Multiport Junctions 8-5 Some Multiport Applications a. Directional Coupler Applications, b. 3 dB Hybrid Applications, References Problems 9 MICROWAVE RESONATORS AND FILTERS 9-1 A Review of Resonant Circuits 9-2 Principles of Microwave Resonators a. Open and Shorted TEM Lines as Resonators, b. Cavity Resonators, ★9-3 Field Analysis of Cavity Resonators a. The Rectangular Cavity Resonator, b. The Cylindrical Cavity Resonator, 9-4 Narrowband Micro wave Filters a. Bandstop Filters, b. Bandpass Filters, 9-5 Wideband Microwave Filters a. Wideband Filters with Quarter-Wavelength Stubs, b. Coupled-Line Filters, 9-6 Some Filter and Resonator Applications a. Frequency Multiplexers, b. Resonator Applications, c. Periodic Structures, References Problems APPENDICES A LIST OF SYMBOLS AND UNITS B MATERIAL CONSTANTS C TRANSMISSION MATRICES D THE SCATTERING MATRIX E HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS F POINT-TO-POINT TRANSMISSION ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS INDEX