Passive and active microwave circuits

Three classes of microwave devices are discussed in this book: passive components, nonreciprocal ferrite devices, and semiconductor components. Scattering and immitance matrices are treated first and form the foundation of the text. Chapters 3 through 7 deal with passive networks such as directional couplers, p h a s e a n d a t t e n u a t i o n n e t w o r k s , impedance and mode transducers, resonators, and filters. The classic nonreciprocal ferrite devices, gyrator circuits, and circulators are described in chapters 8 through 1 0. The semiconductor devices are considered in chapters 1 1 through 15, which deal with variableresistance and -capacitance devices, negative-resistance bulk devices, nonlinear resistive mixer circuits, and fieldeffect transistor circuits. C o m p o n e n t -o r i e n t e d r a t h e r t h a n s y s t e m -o r i e n t e d , P A S S I V E A N D ACTIVE MICROWAVE CIRCUITS incorporates examples of the most important devices used in modern microwave e n g i n e e r i n g . T h e o n l y b a c k g r o u n d necessary to understand the text is an introduction to transmission line theory and waveguide fields. Though written primarily as an introductory text in microwave engineering for advanced undergraduate o r first-year graduate students in electrical engineeri n g , t h i s b o o k w i l l b e o f v a l u e t o engineers in industry because of its coverage of important, timely topics in microwave theory and practice. Edinburgh, United Kingdom April 1978 1.3 Eigenvectors The Scattering Matrix 7. Show that the input reflection coefficient of a 2-port network with λ 2 = S L b 2 is S 11 ÷ S21 S l ⁄ (1 -S π 3⁄4). 8. Show that Eqs. 1.71 a n d 1.72 correspond to the in-phase and out-ofphase inputs a t ports 1 a n d 2 of the network. 1. The Scattering Matrix 1.1 The Scattering Matrix 1.2 The Scattering Matrix Eigenvalues 1.3 Eigenvectors 1.4 Diagonalization of Scattering Matrix 1.5 Scattering Parameters of 2-port Networks 1.6 The Unitary Condition 1.7 The Dissipation Matrix 1.8 Scattering Transfer Parameters 1.9 Generalized 2-port Scattering Parameters 1.10 Experimental Determination of Microwave Networks Problems References Further Reading 2. Immittance Matrices 2.1 Impedance Matrix 2.2 The Admittance Matrix 2.3 Eigennetworks 2.4 Eigenvalues of Scattering and Immittance Matrices 2.5 Relation Between S, Z, and Y Matrices 2.6 Equivalent Circuit of Uniform Transmission Line 2.7 Equivalent Circuit of Transmission Cavity Resonator Problems Further Reading 3. Directional Couplers 3.1 Scattering Matrix of Directional Coupler 3.2 Hybrid Junctions 3.3 Even and Odd Modes Theory of Directional Couplers 3.4 Operation of Sidewall and Topwall Hybrids 3.5 Eigenvalue Theory of Sidewall Waveguide Hybrid 3.6 the Multibranch Directional Coupler Problems Further Reading 4. Impedance and Mode Transducers 4.1 Quarter-wave Impedance Transformer 4.2 Stepped-impedance Transformers 4.3 Matched Terminations 4.4 Rotary Joint 4.5 Mode Transducers 4.6 Variable Shortcircuit 4.7 Quarter Wave Plate Problems Further Reading 5. Two-port Phase and Attenuation Networks 5.1 Uncalibrated Waveguide Phase-shifters and Attenuators 5.2 Variable Rotor Attenuator 5.3 High-power Attenuator 5.4 Variable Rotor Phase Shifter 5.5 High-power Variable Phase Shifter Problems 6. Cavity Resonators 6.1 Unloaded, External, and Loaded Q-factors 6.2 Resonant Circuit Using Distributed Transmission Lines 6.3 Boundary Conditions of Rectangular Microwave Cavity Resonators 6.4 Rectangular Waveguide Cavity Resonator 6.5 Scattering Matrix of Series Resonator 6.6 Scattering Matrix of Series Resonator with Damping 6.7 Microivave Cavity Resonator Using Susceptances Spaced by Section of Line 6.8 Impedance Matrix of Transformer-coupled Resonator Problems Further Reading 7. Microwave Filters 7.1 The Synthesis Procedure 7.2 Butterworth Lowpass Filter Approximation 7.3 Darlington Insertion Loss Filter Synthesis 7.4 Frequency Transformations 7.5 Lowpass to Bandpass Transformation 7.6 Lowpass to Bandstop Transformation 7.8 Impedance Scaling 7.9 Immittance Inverters 7.10 Microwave Bandpass Filter Configuration Problems References Further Reading 8. Nonreciprocal Ferrite Devices 8.1 Susceptibility Tensor in Infinite Medium 8.2 Scalar Susceptibility 8.3 Tensor Permeability 8.4 Scalar Permeability 8.5 Faraday Rotation 8.6 Faraday Rotation Isolator 8.7 Four-port Faraday Rotator Circulator 8.8 Nonreciprocal Faraday Rotation Type Phase Shifter 8.9 Circular Polarization in Rectangular Waveguide 8.10 Nonreciprocal Propagation in Rectangular Waveguide 8.11 Perturbation Theory of Nonreciprocal Rectangular Waveguide Phase Shifter 8.12 Perturbation Theory of the Rectangular Waveguide Resonance Isolator 8.13 Differential Phase Shift Circulator Problems References Further Reading 9. Yig Filters 9.1 Scattering Matrix of 2-port Gyrator Network 9.2 Immittance Matrices of Gyrator Network 9.3 Two-port Gyrator Using Orthogonal Loops Coupled by a Yig Sphere 9.4 Equivalent Circuit of Coupled Yig Resonator Using Gyrator Network 9.5 Scattering Matrix of Loop Coupled Yig Filter at Resonance 9.7 Scattering Matrix of Loop-coupled Yig Filter with Damping 9.8 Reflection Coefficient of Lossy Gyrator Circuit with One Port Terminated in Variable Shortcircuit 9.9 Coincidence Limiting in Yig Spheres at Large Signal Power Problems Further Reading References 10. The Junction Circulator 10.1 Network Definition of Junction Circulator 10.2 The Scattering Matrix Eigenvalues 10.3 Scattering Matrix Eigenvectors 10.4 Diagonalization of Scattering Matrix 10.5 Lumped Element Circulator Problems Further Reading 11. Variable Capacitance Diode Circuits 11.1 Semiconductor Diodes 11.2 Junctioncapa Citance 11.3 Capacitance, Elastance, and Charge 11.4 Frequency Multipliers 11.5 the Parametric Amplifier 11.6 Varactor Analogue Phase Shifter Problems Further Reading 12. Pin Control Devices 12.1 Basics Witching Circuits 12.2 Dissipation in Pin Diodes 12.3 Nonreflective Pin Diode Attenuators 12.4 Single-pole Double-throw Pin Diode Switchusing Shunt Diodes 12.5 Basic Construction of Sp3t Switch 12.6 Pin Control Diode Phase Shifters Problems Further Reading 13. Microwave Mixers (G.P. Riblet and G. Lo) 13.1 Schottky Barrier Diode 13.2 Resisti Ve Mixing 13.3 Conversion Loss 13.4 Image Frequency 13.5 Balanced Mixer 13.6 Noise Factor Problems Further Reading 14. Transferred-electron Oscillators and Amplifiers 14.1 Transferred Electron Transit Time Devices 14.2 Domain Formation and the Gunn Effect 14.3 Gain of Simple Negative Resistance Amplifier 14.4 Gain-bandwidth Product of Negative Resistance Amplifier 14.5 Gain Bandwidth of Wideband Negative Resistance Amplifier 14.6 Coaxial Gunn Oscillator 14.7 Waveguide-cavity Gunn-effect Oscillator Further Reading Problems 15. Microwave-transistor Amplifier Design (with W.T. Nisbet) 15.1 Stability of a 2-port Network 15.2 Unconditional Stability 15.3 Definition of Transducer Power Gain 15.4 Complex Conjugate Image Matching 15.5 Circles of Constant Unilateral Gain 15.6 Unilateral Figure of Merit 15.7 Example of Narrow-band Amplifier Design 15.8 Nonunilateral Design 15.9 Unilateral Design Problems Further Reading Index