The latest research in the development of technologies that will allow humans to communicate, using brain signals only, with computers, wheelchairs, prostheses, and other devices.Interest in developing an effective communication interface connecting the human brain and a computer has grown rapidly over the past decade. The brain-computer interface (BCI) would allow humans to operate computers, wheelchairs, prostheses, and other devices, using brain signals only. BCI research may someday provide a communication channel for patients with severe physical disabilities but intact cognitive functions, a working tool in computational neuroscience that contributes to a better understanding of the brain, and a novel independent interface for human-machine communication that offers new options for monitoring and control. This volume presents a timely overview of the latest BCI research, with contributions from many of the important research groups in the field. The book covers a broad range of topics, describing work on both noninvasive (that is, without the implantation of electrodes) and invasive approaches. Other chapters discuss relevant techniques from machine learning and signal processing, existing software for BCI, and possible applications of BCI research in the real world. Cover......Page 1 Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing......Page 2 Contents......Page 6 Foreword......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 1 An Introduction to Brain-Computer Interfacing......Page 14 I BCI Systems and Approaches......Page 40 Introduction......Page 42 2 Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interface Research at the Wadsworth Center......Page 44 3 Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication in Paralysis: A Clinical Experimental Approach......Page 56 4 Graz-Brain-Computer Interface: State of Research......Page 78 5 The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Machine Learning-Based Detection of User Speci.c Brain States......Page 98 6 The IDIAP Brain-Computer Interface: An Asynchronous Multiclass Approach......Page 116 7 Brain Interface Design for Asynchronous Control......Page 124 II Invasive BCI Approaches......Page 136 Introduction......Page 138 8 Electrocorticogram as a Brain-Computer Interface Signal Source......Page 142 9 Probabilistically Modeling and Decoding Neural Population Activity in Motor Cortex......Page 160 10 The Importance of Online Error Correction and Feed-Forward Adjustments in Brain-Machine Interfaces for Restoration of Movemen......Page 174 11 Advances in Cognitive Neural Prosthesis: Recognition of Neural Data with an Information-Theoretic Objective......Page 188 12 A Temporal Kernel-Based Model for Tracking Hand Movements from Neural Activities......Page 204 III BCI Techniques......Page 216 Introduction......Page 218 13 General Signal Processing and Machine Learning Tools for BCI Analysis......Page 220 14 Classifying Event-Related Desynchronization in EEG, ECoG, and MEG Signals......Page 248 15 Classi.cation of Time-Embedded EEG Using Short-Time Principal Component Analysis......Page 274 16 Noninvasive Estimates of Local Field Potentials for Brain-Computer Interfaces......Page 292 17 Error-Related EEG Potentials in Brain-Computer Interfaces......Page 304 18 Adaptation in Brain-Computer Interfaces......Page 316 19 Evaluation Criteria for BCI Research......Page 340 IV BCI Software......Page 356 Introduction......Page 358 20 BioSig: An Open-Source Software Library for BCI Research......Page 360 21 BCI2000: A General-Purpose Software Platform for BCI......Page 372 V Applications......Page 382 Introduction......Page 384 22 Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Motor Control— Perspectives on Clinical Applications......Page 386 23 Combining BCI and Virtual Reality: Scouting Virtual Worlds......Page 406 24 Improving Human Performance in a Real Operating Environment through Real-Time Mental Workload Detection......Page 422 25 Single-Trial Analysis of EEG during Rapid Visual Discrimination: Enabling Cortically Coupled Computer Vision......Page 436 References......Page 454 Contributors......Page 504 Index......Page 516 An introduction to brain-computer interfacing / Andrea Kübler and Klaus-Robert Müller Noninvasive brain-computer interface research at the Wadsworth Center / Eric W. Sellers ... [et al.] Brain computer interfaces for communication in paralysis : a clinical experimental approach / Thilo Hinterberger ... [et al.] Graz-brain-computer interface : state of research / Gert Pfurtscheller ... [et al.] The Berlin brain-computer interface : machine learning based detection of user specific brain states / Benjamin Blankertz ... [et al.] The IDIAP brain-computer interface : an asynchronous multi-class approach / José del R. Millán, Pierre W. Ferrez, and Anna Buttfield Brain interface design for asynchronous control / Jaimie F. Borisoff, Steve G. Mason, and Gary E. Birch Electrocorticogram as a brain computer interface signal source / Jane E. Huggins ... [et al.] Probabilistically modeling and decoding neural population activity in motor cortex / Michael J. Black and John P. Donoghue The importance of online error correction and feed-forward adjustments in brain-machine interfaces for restoration of movement / Dawn Taylor Advances in cognitive neural prosthesis : recognition of neural data with an information-theoretic objective / Zoran Nenadic ... [et al.] A temporal kernel-based model for tracking hand-movements from neural activities / Lavi Shpigelman ... [et al.] General signal processing and machine learning tools for BCI analysis / Guido Dornhege ... [et al.] Classifying event-related desynchronization in EEG, ECoG and MEG signals / Jeremy Hill ... [et al.] Classification of time-embedded EEG using short-time principal component analysis / Chuck Anderson ... [et al.] Non-invasive estimates of local field potentials for brain-computer interfaces / Rolando Grave de Peralta Menendez ... [et al.] Error-related EEG potentials in brain-computer interfaces / Pierre Ferrez and José del R. Millán Adaptation in brain-computer interfaces / José del R. Millán ... [et al.] Evaluation criteria for BCI research / Alois Schlögl ... [et al.] BioSig, an open source software library for BCI research / Alois Schlögl ... [et al.] BCI 2000 : a general-purpose software platform for BCI / Jürgen Mellinger and Gerwin Schalk Brain-computer interfaces for communication and motor control, perspectives on clinical applications / Andrea Kübler, Femke Nijboer, and Niels Birbaumer Combining BCI and virtual reality : scouting virtual worlds / Robert Leeb ... [et al.] Improving human performance in a real operating environment through real-time mental workload detection / Jens Kohlmorgen ... [et al.] Single-trial analysis of EEG during rapid visual discrimination : enabling cortically-coupled computer vision / Paul Sajda ... [et al.].
Interest in developing an effective communication interface connecting the human brain and a computer has grown rapidly over the past decade. The brain-computer interface (BCI)would allow humans to operate computers, wheelchairs, prostheses, and other devices, using brain signals only. BCI research may someday provide a communication channel for patients with severe physical disabilities but intact cognitive functions, a working tool in computational neuroscience that contributes to a better understanding of the brain, and a novel independent interface for human-machine communication that offers new options for monitoring and control. This volume presents a timely overview of the latest BCI research, with contributions from many of the important research groups in the field. The book covers a broad range of topics, describing work on both noninvasive (that is, without the implantation of electrodes) and invasive approaches. Other chapters discuss relevant techniques from machine learning and signal processing, existing software for BCI, and possible applications of BCI research in the real world. Guido Dornhege is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Intelligent Data Analysis Group at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology in Berlin. José del R. Millán is a Senior Researcher at the IDIAP Research Institute in Martigny, Switzerland, and Adjunct Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. Thilo Hinterberger is with the Institute of Medical Psychology at the University of Tübingen and is a Senior Researcher at the University of Northampton. Dennis J.
McFarland is a Research Scientist with the Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Wadsworth Center,New York State Department of Health. Klaus-Robert Müller is Head of the Intelligent Data Analysis group at the Fraunhofer Institute and Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Technical University of Berlin.
