New technologies for energy efficiency

This book examines the full scope of technologies available to address the electricity supply crisis. The author details the tools and technologies available for incorporating smaller, cleaner, more efficient energy into energy management plans. He examines the role of new technologies in reducing operating costs and developing more innovative and practical approaches to energy management. Topics include implementation of alternative energy programs, management of power quality, cost-effective power generation solutions, cost-effective energy services, information monitoring and diagnostic systems, energy storage options, integration of lighting and cooling systems, and more. New Technologies For Energy Efficiency......Page 2 Dedication......Page 4 Preface......Page 6 Contents......Page 5 Energy Usage Trends......Page 9 Contents......Page 0 The Power Future......Page 15 Renewable Energy Sources......Page 16 Hydroelectric Power......Page 17 Solar Power......Page 18 Units Of Energy And Power......Page 19 Conversion And Efficiency......Page 21 Generator Synchronizing......Page 22 Wind Power......Page 24 Geothermal Power......Page 25 Biomass......Page 26 Wastes......Page 27 Natural Gas Demand......Page 30 Limiting The Supply......Page 31 Powerplant Problems......Page 33 Fuel Cells......Page 34 Energy Pricing......Page 38 Rate Structures......Page 39 Energy Management Programs......Page 42 Energy Audits......Page 44 Heat Pumps......Page 47 Heat Sources For Heat Pumps......Page 48 Solar Collection......Page 50 Solar Heat Storage......Page 52 Direct-gain Systems......Page 53 Thrombe Walls......Page 55 Air-heating Collectors......Page 57 Attached Solar Greenhouses......Page 58 Passive Solar Payback......Page 59 Natural Cooling......Page 60 Collectors......Page 61 Active Hot Water Systems......Page 62 Passive Hot Water Systems......Page 64 Solar Cooling......Page 65 Heat Initiated Refrigeration......Page 66 Wind Power......Page 67 Purpa......Page 70 Solar Thermal Generation......Page 72 Parabolic Trough Concentrator Systems......Page 74 Parabolic Collectors......Page 75 Solar Sites......Page 76 Solar Ponds......Page 77 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion......Page 78 Photovoltaic Systems......Page 79 Semiconductors And Doping......Page 80 Cell Production......Page 84 Other Pv Materials......Page 85 Amorphous Cells......Page 86 Concentrating Pv Systems......Page 88 Deregulation Issues......Page 90 Integrated Systems......Page 92 Distributed Energy Control......Page 93 Air Monitoring......Page 94 Network Communications......Page 96 Ems Evolution......Page 97 Distributed Control......Page 99 Control Trends......Page 101 Integrating Control And Power Management......Page 103 Life Cycle Analysis......Page 104 Green Lights Program......Page 107 Power Management......Page 108 Load Shedding......Page 109 Demand Side Limiting......Page 111 Dsm Trends......Page 114 Intelligent Buildings......Page 115 High-efficiency Oil And Gas Systems......Page 116 Cogeneration......Page 118 Regulatory Aspects......Page 121 District Heating......Page 122 Seasonal Energy Storage......Page 123 Turbine Retrofits......Page 133 Alternating Voltage And Current......Page 136 Power Factor......Page 137 Capacitors And Power Factor......Page 138 Power Quality......Page 140 Harmonics......Page 141 Crest Factor......Page 142 Variable Frequency Drives......Page 143 Power Surveys......Page 147 Motor Loads......Page 148 K-factor Transformers......Page 149 K Factor Calculation......Page 151 The H Factor......Page 155 Oversizing Transformers......Page 157 Power System Measurements......Page 158 Power Factor And Harmonics Studies......Page 164 Transformer Inrush Current......Page 168 Load Interactions......Page 169 Power Problems......Page 171 Power Protection Devices......Page 172 Ups Systems......Page 173 Chemical Batteries......Page 176 Kinetic Energy Storage......Page 178 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage......Page 180 Power Quality Performance Evaluation......Page 181 Power Monitoring And Control......Page 182 Power Quality Evaluation......Page 186 Fuel Cell Technology......Page 188 Fuel Cell Characteristics......Page 190 Fuel Cells For Electric Power Production......Page 192 Fuel Cell Evolution......Page 201 Fuel Processors......Page 203 Hydrogen Fuel......Page 205 Transport Applications......Page 206 Proton-exchange Membrane Fuel Cells......Page 207 Fuel Cells And Thermodynamics......Page 209 Thermodynamic Laws......Page 210 Efficiency......Page 211 Power And Refrigeration Cycles......Page 212 Gas Analysis......Page 213 Forms Of Energy......Page 214 Helmholtz Energy......Page 216 Entropy......Page 218 Reversible And Irreversible Processes......Page 219 Energy Transformation......Page 220 Solar Energy Conversion......Page 222 Gas Turbine Energy......Page 223 Electrochemical Fuel Cell Energy......Page 225 Fuel Cells And Heat Engines......Page 228 Fuels......Page 231 References......Page 232 Modular Power Generation......Page 233 Topping And Bottoming Systems......Page 236 Peak Reduction......Page 237 Excess Power......Page 238 Converters......Page 240 Turbines......Page 241 Turbine Evolution......Page 246 Control......Page 247 Compressor Surge......Page 253 Auxiliary Equipment......Page 254 Energy Efficient Cogeneration Systems......Page 260 Steam Turbines......Page 261 Biofuels......Page 263 Gasification......Page 266 Combined Cycle Technology......Page 268 Waste Heat Gas Turbines......Page 273 Efficient Lighting......Page 280 Load Management......Page 281 Hvac Effects......Page 283 Lighting Management And Audits......Page 284 Source Efficacy......Page 288 Lighting Quantity......Page 290 Lighting Quality......Page 291 Visual Comfort Probability......Page 292 Color Index And Temperature......Page 293 Incandescent Lamps......Page 296 Metal Halide Lamps......Page 302 Sulfur Lamps And Light Pipes......Page 308 Sulphur Lamp Application......Page 309 Ballasts......Page 311 Luminaires......Page 313 Exit Signs......Page 316 Lighting Controls......Page 318 Workspace Controls......Page 319 Computer Dimming Controls......Page 320 Eela......Page 322 Recent Led Lighting Advances......Page 323 References......Page 328 Energy Control Trends......Page 330 Building Management......Page 332 Energy Services And Bundling......Page 334 Technology Diffusion......Page 336 Electrical Metering Equipment......Page 340 Submetering Loads......Page 342 Unbundled Utilities......Page 343 Oasis......Page 344 New Technologies/Distributed Generation......Page 345 Outsourcing......Page 347 Energy Island/energy Center......Page 348 Power Monitoring Software......Page 349 Building Management Systems......Page 351 Communication Protocols......Page 352 OSI Model......Page 353 Collapsed Models......Page 356 Predictive Maintenance......Page 357 Proactive Maintenance......Page 358 Improving Safety......Page 361 Building Health......Page 362 Changing Business Needs......Page 363 Web Technologies......Page 364 Building Automation and the Internet......Page 365 Object Technology......Page 366 Web Enabling......Page 367 Wireless Technology......Page 368 Infrared Control......Page 370 Rf Modems......Page 371 Cellular Security......Page 372 Wireless Lans......Page 373 Pocket Communications......Page 374 Bas Integration And Standardization......Page 375 References......Page 376

• Permitting requirements
• Design calculations with examples
• Construction bid documents
• Numerous applications from job sites

Comprehensive coverage of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technologies and applications

An essential resource for anyone working in the trenchless industry, this authoritative guide provides complete technical information on the design, permitting, construction bid documents, specifications, and construction of HDD applications. Horizontal Directional Drilling features many examples and HDD calculations as well as detailed illustrations. Coverage of the HDD Model Footage Contract — guidelines for HDD projects, example specifications, and information on risk reduction—is also included.

Details on HDD implementations including:

• Steel pipelines
• Fiber optic and electrical conduits
• Municipal applications for natural gas, water, and wastewater pipelines

THE COVERAGE REQUIRED FOR SUCCESSFUL HDD IMPLEMENTATION:

Installation Applications and Techniques
• HDD Technology and Equipment
• HDD Design
• HDD Pipe Stress Analysis for Steel Pipe
• HDD Pipe Stress Analysis for Plastic Pipe
• HDD Installation Considerations
• HDD Site Selection
• HDD Installation
• HDD Construction Monitoring
• HDD Contracts

David Willoughby (Baltimore, MD) is a Projects Manager for Rummel, Klepper & Kahl, a consulting engineering firm headquartered in Baltimore, MD. He has 20 years of experience in engineering, technical writing, and management in the natural gas, petroleum and pipeline industry. Mr. Willoughby is registered by the Council of Engineering Specialty Boards as a Petroleum Operations Engineer. Mr. Willoughby serves as the Project Manager for several major pipeline projects that include many HDD applications and has performed HDD consulting and designs on numerous water body and road crossings.

He has a B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering and has affiliations with the American Society of Petroleum Operations Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Equipment Institute, Directional Crossing Contractors Association, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, and the Society of Petroleum Engineers.

The needs of the new economy have had the effect of stressing the existing energy infrastructure to the point of crisis. The current regulatory system tends to encourage the building of large power plants with long lead times. This important book examines the full scope of new technologies available to address this crisis of electricity supply now by reducing dependency on the power grid. The author details the tools and technologies available for incorporating smaller, clean, more efficient energy-generating technologies such as small-scale cogeneration, fuel cells, and natural gas distributed generation into your energy management plan. He thoroughly examines the role of new technologies in reducing operating costs and developing more innovative and practical approaches to energy management, including implementing alternative energy programs, monitoring rates and policy, managing power quality, exploring cost-effective power generation solutions, utilizing cost-effective energy services, benefitting from information monitoring and diagnostic systems, assessing energy storage options, integrating lighting and cooling systems, and more. Here's a complete guide to understanding the role of computer technology in reducing operating costs and developing more innovative and practical approaches to energy management. Covered in full detail are: rate structures and energy policy; developing alternative energy programmes; integration of cooling, heating and power systems; realtime energy monitoring; the role of web-based technologies; cost-effective power generation solutions; lighting distribution systems; lighting and cooling integration; diagnostic building systems; and air monitoring systems Machine Generated Contents Note: Chapter 1 Energy Demand, Sources And Rate Trends 1 --chapter 2 Energy Sources-heat Pumps, Energy And Wind Power 39 --chapter 3 Integration Of Cooling, Heating And Solar Power Systems 83 --chapter 4 Power Quality, Loads And Harmonics 129 --chapter 5 Fuel Cell Technology 181 --chapter 6 Modular Power Generation-turbines, Gasification, Combined 227 --chapter 7 Lighting Upgrades 275 --chapter 8 Computer Technology 325 --index 372. By Michael F. Hordeski. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "An essential resource for anyone working in the trenchless industry, this authoritative guide provides complete technical information on the design, permitting, construction bid documents, specifications, and construction of HDD applications. Horizontal Directional Drilling features many examples and HDD calculations as well as detailed illustrations. Coverage of the HDD Model Footage Contract - guidelines for HDD projects, example specifications, and information on risk reduction - is also found here."--Jacket This is a complete sourcebook of information on Horizontal Directional Drilling, the installation of pipelines and utilities beneath obstacles such as water and roadways. HDD is a fast-growing technology in the trenchless industry. Provides technical information on the design, permitting, construction, bid documents, specifications, and construction of HDD applications Numerous HDD calculations with examples Professional engineer Hordeski examines the role of new technologies in developing more innovative and cost-effective approaches to energy management. He explores energy usage trends and applications of energy audits; energy sources including heat pumps, solar energy and wind power; the integration