Language, Cognition, and Computational Models (Studies in Natural Language Processing)

How Do Infants Learn A Language? Why And How Do Languages Evolve? How Do We Understand A Sentence? This Book Explores These Questions Using Recent Computational Models That Shed New Light On Issues Related To Language And Cognition. The Chapters In This Collection Propose Original Analyses Of Specific Problems And Develop Computational Models That Have Been Tested And Evaluated On Real Data. Featuring Contributions From A Diverse Group Of Experts, This Interdisciplinary Book Bridges The Gap Between Natural Language Processing And Cognitive Sciences. It Is Divided Into Three Sections, Focusing Respectively On Models Of Neural And Cognitive Processing, Data Driven Methods, And Social Issues In Language Evolution. This Book Will Be Useful To Any Researcher And Advanced Student Interested In The Analysis Of The Links Between The Brain And The Language Faculty. Part I. About This Book -- Introduction: Cognitive Issues In Natural Language Processing / Thierry Poibeau And Aline Villavicencio -- Part Ii. Models Of Neural And Cognitive Processing -- Light And Deep Parsing: A Cognitive Model Of Sentence Processing / Philippe Blache -- Decoding Language From The Brain / Brian Murphy, Leila Wehbe, And Alona Fyshe -- Graph Theory Applied To Speech: Insights On Cognitive Deficit Diagnosis And Dream Research / Natália Bezerra Mota, Mauro Copelli, And Sidarta Ribeiro -- Part Iii. Data Driven Models -- Putting Linguistics Back Into Computational Linguistics / Martin Kay -- A Distributional Model Of Verb-specific Semantic Roles Inferences / Gianluca E. Lebani And Alessandro Lenci -- Native Language Identification On Efcamdat / Xiao Jiang, Yan Huang, Yufan Guo, Jeroen Geertzen, Theodora Alexopoulou, Lin Sun, And Anna Korhonen -- Evaluating Language Acquisition Models: A Utility-based Look At Bayesian Segmentation / Lisa Pearl And Lawrence Phillips -- Part Iv. Social And Language Evolution -- Social Evolution Of Public Languages: Between Rousseau's Eden And Hobbes' Leviathan / Anne Reboul -- Genetic Biases In Language: Computer Models And Experimental Approaches / Rick Janssen And Dan Dediu -- Transparency Versus Processing Efficiency: A Case Study On German Declension / Remi Van Trijp. Edited By Thierry Poibeau, Aline Villavicencio. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents......Page 6 Figures......Page 10 Tables......Page 11 Contributors......Page 16 Part I About This Book......Page 18 1.1 On the Relationships between Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Sciences......Page 20 1.2 Recent Issues in Cognitive Aspects of Language Modeling......Page 25 1.3 Content and Structure of the Book......Page 31 Part II Models of Neural and Cognitive Processing......Page 42 2.1 Introduction......Page 44 2.2 An Interdisciplinary View of Language Processing......Page 45 2.3 The Theoretical Framework: Property Grammars......Page 56 2.4 Chunks, Constructions, and Properties......Page 59 2.5 The Hybrid Architecture......Page 63 2.6 Conclusion......Page 66 3.1 Introduction......Page 70 3.2 Grounding Language Architecture in the Brain......Page 72 3.3 Decoding Words in the Brain......Page 79 3.4 Phrases in the Brain......Page 83 3.5 Stories in the Brain......Page 85 3.6 Summary......Page 89 4 Graph Theory Applied to Speech: Insights on Cognitive Deficit Diagnosis and Dream Research......Page 98 4.1 Introduction......Page 99 4.2 Semantic Analysis for the Diagnosis of Psychosis......Page 101 4.3 What Is a Speech Graph?......Page 102 4.4 Speech Graphs as a Strategy to Quantify Symptoms on Psychosis......Page 105 4.5 Differences in Speech Graphs due to Content (waking × dream reports)......Page 109 4.6 Speech Graphs Applied to Dementia......Page 111 4.7 Future Perspectives......Page 113 Part III Data Driven Models......Page 116 5.1 Explicit and Implicit Information......Page 118 5.2 Features......Page 125 5.3 Linguistic Computation and Computational Linguistics......Page 131 5.4 Conclusion......Page 133 6 A Distributional Model of Verb-Specific Semantic Roles Inferences......Page 135 6.1 Representing and Acquiring Thematic Roles......Page 136 6.2 Characterizing the Semantic Content of Verb Proto-roles......Page 139 6.3 A Distributional Model of Thematic Roles......Page 147 6.4 Experiments with Our Neo-Davidsonian Model......Page 156 6.5 Conclusion......Page 165 7.1 Introduction......Page 176 7.2 Data......Page 182 7.3 Methods......Page 185 7.4 Results......Page 189 7.5 Conclusion......Page 198 8.1 Introduction......Page 202 8.2 Early Speech Segmentation......Page 204 8.3 A Bayesian Segmentation Strategy......Page 207 8.4 How Well Does This Work Cross-Linguistically?......Page 213 8.5 How Useful Are the Units?......Page 224 8.6 Closing Thoughts......Page 236 Part IV Social and Language Evolution......Page 242 9.1 Introduction......Page 244 9.2 Is Language a Communication System in the Strong Sense?......Page 245 9.3 What is the Proper Social Account for the Exaptation of Language for Communication?......Page 250 9.4 Conclusion......Page 267 10.1 Introduction......Page 273 10.2 Computer Models of Cultural Evolution......Page 279 10.3 Cultural Feedback......Page 295 10.4 Conclusion......Page 298 11.1 Introduction......Page 306 11.2 German Declension: Not as Awful as It Seems......Page 307 11.3 Evaluating the Efficiency of Syncretism......Page 317 11.4 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 331 Index......Page 336 Featuring contributions from a diverse group of experts, this book explores issues related to language and cognition using recent computational models. It proposes original analyses and develops computational models that have been tested and evaluated on real data. The book will be useful to researchers and graduate students.