Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II (Advanced Structured Materials, 147)

This book “Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II” provides a good platform for participating researchers and academicians to share their latest innovation, technology and research findings in the areas of marine engineering technology and applications, sea management as well as engineering education. It offers an opportunity for academicians of the Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology (UniKL MIMET) to exchange ideas and establish a professional network. There are more than 30 papers covering a wide range of topics related to technologies and education including simulation, intellectual discussion, environmental awareness, enhancement of knowledge and skills. The aim of this book focuses more on the numerous technological methods used for the establishment of engineering innovation and productivity through their competitive research findings and the exposure of their relative merits and limitations. The papers shared in this issue will enable other researchers to generate interest and novel ideas that can lead to the discovery of new engineering knowledge. Preface Contents About the Editors List of Figures List of Tables 1 The Potential of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Sea Patrol: Case Study at Royal Malaysian Navy, Lumut Base 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature Review 1.2.1 Drones Versus UAVs 1.2.2 Functions of UAVs 1.2.3 Benefits of UAVs 1.2.4 Challenges/Risks of UAVs 1.3 Methodology 1.3.1 Research Design 1.3.2 The Interview Method 1.3.3 Sampling 1.3.4 Content Analysis 1.4 Result and Discussion 1.4.1 Data Analysis 1.4.2 Data Analysis on Research Team 1.4.3 Function of UAVs 1.4.4 Benefits of UAVs 1.4.5 Challenges of UAVs 1.5 Conclusion References 2 The Determinants for Successful Ferry Operation: A Delphi Study at Penang Port, Malaysia 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Problem Statement 2.1.2 Objectives of the Study 2.1.3 Significance of Study 2.1.4 Limitations and Scope of Study 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Definition of Delphi Study 2.2.2 Ferry Operation 2.3 Research Methodology 2.3.1 Population and Sampling 2.3.2 Primary Data 2.3.3 Secondary Data 2.4 Finding and Discussion 2.4.1 Reliability Statistics 2.4.2 Result of First-Round Survey 2.4.3 Result of Second-Round Survey 2.5 Discussion 2.6 Conclusion References 3 The Commercial Success Factor Towards Ro-Ro Operation at Port Klang, Malaysia 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Problem Statement 3.1.2 Objectives of the Study 3.1.3 Significance of Study 3.1.4 Limitations and Scope of Study 3.2 Literature Review 3.2.1 Definition of Delphi Study 3.2.2 Definition of Ro/Ro Vessel 3.2.3 Ro-Ro Service 3.3 Research Methodology 3.3.1 Population and Sampling 3.3.2 Primary Data 3.3.3 Secondary Data 3.4 Finding and Discussion 3.4.1 Reliability Statistics 3.4.2 Result of First-Round Survey 3.4.3 Pearson Correlation Analysis 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusion References 4 Hybrid Composite Fiberglass Structure with Embedded Aluminum Phosphate New Fire Retardants Additive: Effect of Fiberglass Types 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methodology 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion References 5 The Effective Elements in Responding on the Oil Spill Occurrences by Selected Marine Companies in Lumut, Perak 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.2.1 Overview of Oil Spill 5.2.2 Effects of the Oil Spill 5.2.3 Effect to the Fisheries 5.2.4 Effect on the Social and Economy 5.2.5 Preparation and Response Towards Oil Spill Incident 5.3 Methodology 5.3.1 Questionnaire Survey Method 5.3.2 Population, Sample and Respondents 5.3.3 Analysis of Data 5.3.4 The Background of Respondents 5.3.5 The Cronbach’s Alpha 5.3.6 Pilot Test 5.3.7 The Reliability Test and the Cronbach’s Alpha 5.3.8 Normality Test 5.3.9 The Correlation Theoretical Framework 5.3.10 The Rule of Thumb Guideline for Interpretation of Correlation Coefficient 5.3.11 The Analysis of the Correlation 5.4 Conclusion References 6 A Study on Tool Directions of an Underwater Friction Stir Welded AA5083 Plate Butt Joint 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Procedure 6.3 Result and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion References 7 The Challenges of the Oil Spill Preparedness and Responses 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sources and Consequences of Oil Spill 7.3 Data for Oil Spill Incidents 7.4 Challenges of Oil Spill Incidents 7.5 Collaboration Efforts 7.6 Response Time 7.7 Conclusion References 8 Ship Crash Prevention Toward Oil Spill Incidents 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Literature Review 8.3 Methodology 8.4 Data Analysis and Discussion 8.5 Conclusion References 9 Analysis on Wave Generation and Hull: Modification for Fishing Vessels 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Literature Review 9.3 Methodology 9.4 Results and Discussion 9.5 Conclusion 9.6 Recommendations References 10 Technical Vocational Education Training Pathway for Post-secondary Autistic Students in Malaysia 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.3 Challenges in the Implementation of TVET for the Autistics 10.4 Relevance of TVET for the Autistics in Malaysia 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Maritime Students’ Perception of Mental Wellness 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature Review 11.3 Methodology 11.4 Results and Discussion 11.5 Discussion of Findings 11.6 Conclusion References 12 Optimization of Route Selection and Carbon Emission Release for Waste Collection Systems 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Literature Review 12.2.1 Transportation Management 12.2.2 Green Vehicle Routing Problem 12.2.3 Carbon Emission and Fuel Consumption 12.2.4 Waste Collection System 12.3 Methodology 12.3.1 Traveling Salesman Problem 12.4 Result and Discussion 12.4.1 Actual Route 12.4.2 Route Suggestion by TSP 12.4.3 Result of Carbon Emission 12.5 Conclusion 12.6 Recommendation References 13 A Design of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Higher-Order Mode in the Shape of Rectangle for 5G Application 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Literature Review 13.2.1 Shape of Dielectric Resonator Antennas 13.2.2 Type of Feeder 13.2.3 Basic Antenna Parameters 13.3 Methodology 13.3.1 MATLAB Software 13.3.2 CST Microwave Studio Software 13.3.3 Antenna Geometry 13.4 Result and Discussion 13.5 Conclusion 13.6 Recommendation References 14 Development of a Solar Tracker Using Servo Motor and Light Dependent Resistor for Electrical Boats 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.3 Design Specification 14.4 Result and Discussion 14.5 Conclusion References 15 Barnacles Growth Monitoring at KL Paus Hull Using Scilab Programming 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Methodology 15.2.1 Selection Area at Hull 15.2.2 Data Processing and Analysis 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Mitigating Engine Exhaust Emission Using Solenoid as Replacement for the Engine’s Block 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Experimental Setup 16.2.1 Engine Design 16.2.2 Schematic Design 16.2.3 Fabrication of the Prototype 16.2.4 The Procedure and Data Collection 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.3.1 Collected Data 16.3.2 Analysis of Gain Vs Power Consumption 16.3.3 Analysis of Gain vs Engine Speed 16.4 Conclusion and Recommendation 16.5 Funding References 17 Underwater Noise Study Toward Propeller Rotation 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Methods 17.2.1 Experiment Planning 17.2.2 Implementation of the Experiment 17.2.3 Method to Collect Data 17.3 Conclusion References 18 A Water Hyacinth Harvester 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Literature Review 18.2.1 What Is Water Hyacinth 18.2.2 History of Water Hyacinth 18.2.3 Description of Water Hyacinth 18.2.4 Effects of Water Hyacinth 18.2.5 Several Ways of Controlling/Eliminating Water Hyacinth 18.3 Methodology 18.3.1 Materials Used for Production of a Water Hyacinth Harvester Model 18.3.2 Fabrication 18.4 Results and Discussion 18.4.1 Draft Analysis 18.4.2 Sprocket Analysis 18.4.3 Propeller Analysis 18.5 Conclusion References 19 On the Hydropower Energy Generation from Pipelines 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Literature Review 19.2.1 An Overview of Power Generation 19.2.2 Renewable Energy 19.2.3 Hydropower 19.2.4 Crossflow Turbine 19.2.5 Liquid Flow 19.3 Methodology 19.3.1 Parameter of Experiment 19.3.2 Experiment Design 19.4 Data Analysis 19.4.1 Sources of Data 19.4.2 Free Fall Power Output Data 19.4.3 Actual Experiment 19.4.4 Comparison Between 1.5 m Free Fall and Actual Experiment 19.5 Conclusion References 20 Anti-fouling: Affection and Efficiency 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Anti-fouling Paint Concept 20.2.1 Marine Bio-fouling 20.2.2 Economic and Mother Nature Impact 20.2.3 Marine Bio-fouling Phase 20.2.4 Algae as Organisms That Foul 20.2.5 Climate Change Projected to Have an Effect on Bio-fouling 20.2.6 Marine Domain 20.2.7 Anti-fouling Paint Development 20.2.8 Self-polishing Paint 20.3 Methodology 20.3.1 Binders 20.3.2 Thickness of Paint 20.3.3 Underwater Depth 20.3.4 Sun-Orientation 20.3.5 ASTM A36 Mild Steel 20.3.6 Sandblasting 20.3.7 Data Table 20.4 Result and Discussion 20.5 Conclusion References 21 Green Port Indicators: A Review 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Aim 21.3 Identification of Important Green Port Indications 21.4 Most Research Green Port Indications 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Experimental Study of Friction Stir Welding on Dissimilar Thickness of Aluminum Plate Butt Joints 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Experimental Procedure 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions References 23 An Improved Simple Sweep Line Algorithm for Delaunay Refinement Triangulation 23.1 Introduction 23.1.1 2D Delaunay Triangulation 23.1.2 2D Delaunay Refinement 23.1.3 Simple Sweep Line Algorithm 23.2 Methodology 23.2.1 Creating Initial Triangulation 23.3 Analysis of the Results 23.3.1 The Efficiency of the Improved Simple Sweep Line Algorithm 23.3.2 The Quality of the Triangles 23.4 Conclusion References 24 The Effect of Increasing Travel Speed at Constant Rotational Speed on the Formation of Friction Stir Welded AA5083 Butt Joints 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Experimental Setup 24.3 Result and Discussion 24.4 Conclusion References 25 An Experimental Study on Friction Stir Welding of AA5083 Tee Lap Joints 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Materials 25.3 Experimental Procedure 25.4 Results and Discussion 25.4.1 Surface Appearance of Welded Joints 25.4.2 Cross-Section Inspection of the Weld Zone 25.5 Conclusion References 26 Experimental Study on Mechanical Characterisation of Hybrid Material Lamination (HML) Subjected to Flexural Strength 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Materials and Methods 26.2.1 Materials 26.2.2 Fabrication and Testing of Composites 26.3 Results and Discussion 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Experimental Study on Self-Supported Friction Stir Welding on AA5083 Plate Butt Joints 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Experimental Setup 27.3 Result and Discussion 27.4 Conclusion References 28 Optimization of Welding Parameters for Self-Support Friction Stir Welding (SS-FSW) on AA6063 Pipe Joints 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Experimental Procedure 28.3 Result and Discussion 28.4 Conclusion References 29 Experimental Study of Friction Stir Welding on AA5052 (1.5 mm) Thin Plate Butt Joints 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Experimental Setup 29.2.1 Friction Stir Welding Tool 29.2.2 Friction Stir Welding Process 29.2.3 Tensile Testing 29.2.4 Macro Structure Testing 29.3 Result and Discussion 29.4 Conclusion References 30 5G: Performance on the Enhancement of the Asymmetric Arithmetic Coding with Space Time Frequency Block Coding MIMO 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Design Methodology 30.3 Results and Discussion 30.4 Conclusion References 31 Lane Detection Using Image Processing for Driving Assistance 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Related Works 31.3 Methodology 31.3.1 Image Capture 31.3.2 Image Enhancement 31.3.3 Grayscale Image 31.3.4 Filtering 31.3.5 Binary Image 31.3.6 Hough Transform 31.4 Experimental Results 31.5 Conclusion and Recommendation References