UML 2 Semantics and Applications

With an up-to-date view of the results of UML semantics and the practical applications of semantics development, this book presents the only coherent and integrated account of the leading UML 2 semantics work and its applications. With contributions from renowned experts in the area of UML 2 semantics and its applications, the book covers semantics of UML 2 diagrams, OCL, state machine diagrams, interactions, use cases, and activities. "UML Semantics and Applications" is an excellent reference for researchers and students in the model-driven development community. UML 2 SEMANTICS AND APPLICATIONS......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 8 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 14 PREFACE......Page 16 1.2 Class Diagrams......Page 20 1.3 Object Diagrams......Page 28 1.4 Use Cases......Page 29 1.5 State Machines......Page 30 1.6 Object Constraint Language......Page 35 1.7 Interaction Diagrams......Page 39 1.9 Deployment Diagrams......Page 41 1.10 Relationships Between UML Models......Page 42 1.11 Summary......Page 43 2.1 Introduction......Page 46 2.2 Different Semantic Approaches......Page 47 2.3 Applications of Semantics......Page 48 2.4 UML Semantics......Page 49 2.5 Applications of Semantics to UML......Page 54 2.6 Application of Semantics to the Use of UML......Page 57 2.7 Summary......Page 58 3.2 General Approach to Semantics......Page 62 3.3 Structuring the Semantics of UML......Page 64 3.4 The Math Behind the System Model......Page 66 3.5 What Is the System Model?......Page 67 3.6 Usage Scenarios......Page 74 3.7 Concluding Remarks......Page 75 4.1 Introduction......Page 80 4.3 Static Part of the System Model......Page 81 4.4 Control Part of the System Model......Page 89 4.5 Messages and Events in the System Model......Page 97 4.6 Object State......Page 100 4.7 Event-Based Object Behavior......Page 103 4.8 Timed Object Behavior......Page 105 4.9 The System Model Definition......Page 108 Appendix A.1 State Transition Systems......Page 109 Appendix A.2 Timed State Transition Systems......Page 110 5.1 Introduction......Page 114 5.2 Definition of Descriptive Semantics in FOPL......Page 117 5.3 The LAMBDES Tool......Page 127 5.4 Applications Using Model and Metamodel Analysis......Page 130 5.5 Conclusions......Page 138 6.1 Introduction......Page 144 6.2 Real-Time Action Logic......Page 147 6.3 Semantics of Class Diagrams......Page 159 6.5 Related Work......Page 175 6.6 Conclusions......Page 176 7.1 Introduction......Page 182 7.2 Metamodeling Semantics......Page 183 7.3 OCL Semantics: Types and Values......Page 187 7.4 OCL Semantics: Expressions and Evaluations......Page 190 7.5 Summary and Conclusions......Page 195 8.1 Introduction......Page 198 8.2 State Machine Semantics......Page 200 8.3 Extended State Machines......Page 205 8.4 Semantics for Extended State Machines......Page 206 8.5 Solutions for Semantic Problems......Page 210 8.6 Structured Behavior State Machines......Page 213 8.8 Summary......Page 219 9.1 Introduction......Page 224 9.2 Trace-Based Semantics......Page 225 9.3 Alternative Semantics......Page 254 9.4 Implementation and Refinement......Page 259 9.5 Verification and Validation......Page 261 10.1 Introduction......Page 268 10.2 Why Co-algebras?......Page 269 10.3 A Semantics for UML Sequence Diagrams......Page 279 10.4 New Sequence Diagrams from Old......Page 285 10.5 Coercions and Designs......Page 289 10.6 A Calculus for Interactions......Page 292 10.7 Concluding Remarks......Page 296 11.1 Introduction......Page 300 11.2 Semantics of Structured Activities......Page 301 11.3 Semantics of Intermediate Activities......Page 304 11.4 Data Flow Semantics......Page 309 11.5 Semantic Analysis......Page 310 11.7 Summary......Page 311 12.1 Introduction......Page 314 12.2 Class Diagrams......Page 315 12.3 State Machine Diagrams......Page 322 12.4 Sequence Diagrams......Page 328 12.5 Summary......Page 330 13.1 Introduction......Page 336 13.2 Preliminaries......Page 339 13.3 Statechart Structure......Page 341 13.4 Configurations and Operations......Page 344 13.5 State Invariant Verification......Page 351 13.6 Accumulated Invariants......Page 352 13.7 Verification Condition Generation......Page 355 13.8 Priority Among Transitions......Page 360 13.9 Conclusions......Page 362 14.1 Introduction......Page 368 14.2 Categories of Model Transformation......Page 369 14.3 Specification of Model Transformations......Page 370 14.4 Refinement Transformations......Page 380 14.5 Quality Improvement Transformations......Page 398 14.6 Design Patterns......Page 407 14.7 Enhancement Transformations......Page 409 14.8 Implementation of Model Transformations......Page 410 14.9 Summary......Page 412 INDEX......Page 416 UML 2 SEMANTICS AND APPLICATIONS 4 CONTENTS 8 CONTRIBUTORS 14 PREFACE 16 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE 20 1.1 Introduction 20 1.2 Class Diagrams 20 1.3 Object Diagrams 28 1.4 Use Cases 29 1.5 State Machines 30 1.6 Object Constraint Language 35 1.7 Interaction Diagrams 39 1.8 Activity Diagrams 41 1.9 Deployment Diagrams 41 1.10 Relationships Between UML Models 42 1.11 Summary 43 2 THE ROLE OF SEMANTICS 46 2.1 Introduction 46 2.2 Different Semantic Approaches 47 2.3 Applications of Semantics 48 2.4 UML Semantics 49 2.5 Applications of Semantics to UML 54 2.6 Application of Semantics to the Use of UML 57 2.7 Summary 58 3 CONSIDERATIONS AND RATIONALE FOR A UML SYSTEM MODEL 62 3.1 Introduction 62 3.2 General Approach to Semantics 62 3.3 Structuring the Semantics of UML 64 3.4 The Math Behind the System Model 66 3.5 What Is the System Model? 67 3.6 Usage Scenarios 74 3.7 Concluding Remarks 75 4 DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM MODEL 80 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Notational Conventions 81 4.3 Static Part of the System Model 81 4.4 Control Part of the System Model 89 4.5 Messages and Events in the System Model 97 4.6 Object State 100 4.7 Event-Based Object Behavior 103 4.8 Timed Object Behavior 105 4.9 The System Model Definition 108 Appendix A.1 State Transition Systems 109 Appendix A.2 Timed State Transition Systems 110 5 FORMAL DESCRIPTIVE SEMANTICS OF UML AND ITS APPLICATIONS 114 5.1 Introduction 114 5.2 Definition of Descriptive Semantics in FOPL 117 5.3 The LAMBDES Tool 127 5.4 Applications Using Model and Metamodel Analysis 130 5.5 Conclusions 138 6 AXIOMATIC SEMANTICS OF UML CLASS DIAGRAMS 144 6.1 Introduction 144 6.2 Real-Time Action Logic 147 6.3 Semantics of Class Diagrams 159 6.4 Application of the Semantics 175 6.5 Related Work 175 6.6 Conclusions 176 7 OBJECT CONSTRAINT LANGUAGE: METAMODELING SEMANTICS 182 7.1 Introduction 182 7.2 Metamodeling Semantics 183 7.3 OCL Semantics: Types and Values 187 7.4 OCL Semantics: Expressions and Evaluations 190 7.5 Summary and Conclusions 195 8 AXIOMATIC SEMANTICS OF STATE MACHINES 198 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 State Machine Semantics 200 8.3 Extended State Machines 205 8.4 Semantics for Extended State Machines 206 8.5 Solutions for Semantic Problems 210 8.6 Structured Behavior State Machines 213 8.7 Related Work 219 8.8 Summary 219 9 INTERACTIONS 224 9.1 Introduction 224 9.2 Trace-Based Semantics 225 9.3 Alternative Semantics 254 9.4 Implementation and Refinement 259 9.5 Verification and Validation 261 10 CO-ALGEBRAIC SEMANTIC FRAMEWORK FOR REASONING ABOUT INTERACTION DESIGNS 268 10.1 Introduction 268 10.2 Why Co-algebras? 269 10.3 A Semantics for UML Sequence Diagrams 279 10.4 New Sequence Diagrams from Old 285 10.5 Coercions and Designs 289 10.6 A Calculus for Interactions 292 10.7 Concluding Remarks 296 11 SEMANTICS OF ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS 300 11.1 Introduction 300 11.2 Semantics of Structured Activities 301 11.3 Semantics of Intermediate Activities 304 11.4 Data Flow Semantics 309 11.5 Semantic Analysis 310 11.6 Related Work 311 11.7 Summary 311 12 VERIFICATION OF UML MODELS 314 12.1 Introduction 314 12.2 Class Diagrams 315 12.3 State Machine Diagrams 322 12.4 Sequence Diagrams 328 12.5 Summary 330 13 DESIGN VERIFICATION WITH STATE INVARIANTS 336 13.1 Introduction 336 13.2 Preliminaries 339 13.3 Statechart Structure 341 13.4 Configurations and Operations 344 13.5 State Invariant Verification 351 13.6 Accumulated Invariants 352 13.7 Verification Condition Generation 355 13.8 Priority Among Transitions 360 13.9 Conclusions 362 14 MODEL TRANSFORMATION SPECIFICATION AND VERIFICATION 368 14.1 Introduction 368 14.2 Categories of Model Transformation 369 14.3 Specification of Model Transformations 370 14.4 Refinement Transformations 380 14.5 Quality Improvement Transformations 398 14.6 Design Patterns 407 14.7 Enhancement Transformations 409 14.8 Implementation of Model Transformations 410 14.9 Summary 412 INDEX 416

a Coherent And Integrated Account Of The Leading Uml 2 Semantics Work And The Practical Applications Of Uml Semantics Development

with Contributions From Leading Experts In The Field, The Book Begins With An Introduction To Uml And Goes On To Offer In-depth And Up-to-date Coverage Of:

• The Role Of Semantics

• Considerations And Rationale For A Uml System Model

• Definition Of The Uml System Model

• Uml Descriptive Semantics

• Axiomatic Semantics Of Uml Class Diagrams

• The Object Constraint Language

• Axiomatic Semantics Of State Machines

• A Coalgebraic Semantic Framework For Reasoning About Interaction Designs

• Semantics Of Activity Diagrams

• Verification Of Uml Models

• State Invariants

• Model Transformation Specification And Verification

additionally, Readers Are Provided With Expert Guidance On How To Resolve Semantic Problems And A Section On Applications Of Uml Semantics With Model Analysis. uml 2 Semantics And Applications Is An Ideal Resource For Researchers And Tool-builders Working In Uml, Among Others. It Is Also An Excellent Textbook For Postgraduate Teaching And Research.