Ubuntu Linux: The Complete Reference (Complete Reference Series)

The Definitive Guide to Ubuntu—Covers Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Maximize the powerful features of Ubuntu with expert guidance, tips, and techniques from bestselling Linux author Richard Petersen. Packed with clear explanations and detailed examples, this comprehensive volume shows you how to get off the ground with Ubuntu, set up hardware and Internet connections, and use the latest system and network administration utilities. Ubuntu: The Complete Reference covers the desktops, shells, and administration tools for users, printers, services, and networks. Get full details on the latest Ubuntu-compatible office, mail, Web, and multimedia software, along with remote access (Vinagre), virtualization (KVM and Xen) and service managment (Upstart).You'll also learn how to interoperate with Windows networks and deploy reliable security using PolicyKit, Seahorse, AppArmor, SELinux, netfilter, and the Secure Shell. Install Ubuntu using Live CDs, the Install DVD, or Wubi Windows virtual disk Configure printers, devices, and network connections Access Linux using GNOME, KDE, KDE4, and XFce desktops Manage software with Synaptic Package Manager and APT Work with the BASH shell command, configuration, and file management capabilities Use office, Web (Firefox 3), mail, and multimedia applications (PulseAudio) Manage file systems including RAID and LVM Secure Ubuntu using PolicyKit authentication, Seahorse encryption, SSH and Kerberos security, AppArmor access controls, and Firestarter and UFW firewalls Use SAMBA and NFS to share network resources Contents......Page 9 Acknowledgments......Page 27 Introduction......Page 29 Part I: Getting Started......Page 33 1 Introduction to Ubuntu......Page 35 Linux......Page 36 Open Source Software......Page 37 Ubuntu Editions......Page 38 Ubuntu 8.04 LTR......Page 41 Ubuntu LiveCD......Page 42 Ubuntu Software......Page 43 Ubuntu Help and Documentation......Page 44 History of Linux and Unix......Page 46 Install CD and DVDs......Page 49 Hardware, Software, and Information Requirements......Page 51 Installing Ubuntu......Page 52 Startup Issues......Page 63 Login and Logout......Page 65 Reinstalling the Boot Loader......Page 66 Alternate Install......Page 67 Server Install......Page 68 Automating Installation with Kickstart......Page 69 Wubi: Windows-Based Installer......Page 70 Accessing Your Linux System......Page 73 The Ubuntu Desktop......Page 76 Desktop Operations......Page 80 Search Tools......Page 87 GNOME Power Management......Page 90 Using the Command Line Interface......Page 91 Help Resources......Page 92 Running Windows Software on Linux: Wine......Page 96 Part II: Configuration......Page 99 Ubuntu Administrative Tools......Page 101 Controlled Administrative Access: PolicyKit, sudo, and gksu......Page 103 Login Window Configuration......Page 105 Display Drivers......Page 107 Manual Display Configuration......Page 109 Printer Management and Configuration......Page 111 Multimedia Support: MP3, DVD-Video, DivX, and HDTV......Page 112 File System Access......Page 113 Bluetooth......Page 115 System Monitoring......Page 117 Virus Protection......Page 118 Accessing Devices Remotely......Page 119 Managing Services......Page 120 Testing Hardware: Launchpad......Page 121 NetworkManager......Page 123 Manual Network Configuration with network-admin......Page 126 Command Line PPP Access: WvDial......Page 128 Manual Wireless Configuration with iwconfig......Page 129 Accessing Remote Desktops......Page 131 Installing Software Packages......Page 137 Ubuntu Package Management Software......Page 138 Updating Ubuntu with Update Manager......Page 139 Managing Packages with Add/Remove Applications......Page 141 Synaptic Package Manager......Page 142 Ubuntu Software Repositories......Page 149 Software Package Types......Page 155 DEB Software Packages......Page 156 Managing Software with APT......Page 157 Managing Non-repository Packages with dpkg......Page 159 Command Line Search and Information: dpkg-query and atp-cache Tools......Page 160 Installing Software from Compressed Archives: .tar.gz......Page 162 Checking Software Package Digital Signatures......Page 167 Part III: Desktops......Page 171 GNOME 2.22 Features......Page 173 GTK+......Page 176 The GNOME Interface......Page 177 The GNOME Desktop......Page 179 The GNOME File Manager: Nautilus......Page 188 Removable Drives and Network Folders......Page 199 The GNOME Panel......Page 201 GNOME Applets......Page 206 GNOME Directories and Files......Page 207 KDE......Page 209 The KDE Desktop......Page 211 The KDE Help Center......Page 217 Applications......Page 218 Mounting Devices from the Desktop......Page 219 KDE File Managers: Konqueror and Dolphin......Page 220 KDE Configuration: System Settings......Page 225 KDE 4......Page 228 Xfce4 Desktop......Page 231 Part IV: Using the Shell......Page 233 Accessing Shells......Page 235 The Command Line......Page 236 History......Page 241 Filename Expansion: *, ?, [ ]......Page 244 Standard Input/Output and Redirection......Page 248 Pipes |......Page 251 Redirecting and Piping the Standard Error: >&, 2>......Page 252 Jobs: Background, Kills, and Interruptions......Page 253 Ending Processes: ps and kill......Page 256 Shell Variables......Page 257 Shell Scripts: User-Defined Commands......Page 259 Control Structures......Page 261 Filters and Regular Expressions......Page 265 11 Shell Configuration......Page 269 Shell Initialization and Configuration Files......Page 270 Aliases......Page 271 Controlling Shell Operations......Page 273 Configuring Your Shell with Shell Parameters......Page 274 Linux Files......Page 287 The File Structure......Page 289 Listing, Displaying, and Printing Files: ls, cat, more, less, and lpr......Page 292 Managing Directories: mkdir, rmdir, ls, cd, and pwd......Page 293 File and Directory Operations: find, cp, mv, rm, and ln......Page 296 Archiving and Compressing Files......Page 304 Part V: Applications......Page 313 13 Office and Database Applications......Page 315 Running Microsoft Office on Linux: CrossOver and Wine......Page 316 OpenOffice.org......Page 318 KOffice......Page 319 GNOME Office......Page 321 Document Viewers (PostScript, PDF, and DVI)......Page 322 Editors......Page 323 Database Management Systems......Page 329 Graphics Tools......Page 333 Multimedia Tools......Page 338 Sound Drivers and Interfaces......Page 341 Mail Clients......Page 353 Usenet News......Page 364 Web Protocols......Page 369 Web Browsers......Page 371 Java for Linux......Page 377 FTP Clients......Page 378 Network Talk and Messenger Clients: VoIP, IRC, and IM......Page 386 Part VI: Security......Page 389 Controlled Access with PolicyKit: Authorizations......Page 391 Public Key Encryption, Digital Signatures, and Integrity Checks......Page 396 Managing Keys with Seahorse......Page 398 GNU Privacy Guard: gpg......Page 404 Using GPG......Page 410 Permissions: Discretionary Access Control......Page 413 Access Control Lists: FACL......Page 424 Encrypted File Systems......Page 426 Intrusion Detection: Tripwire and AIDE......Page 427 AppArmor......Page 429 Security Enhanced Linux......Page 432 The Secure Shell: OpenSSH......Page 445 Kerberos......Page 455 Uncomplicated Firewall......Page 459 Firestarter......Page 462 iptables, NAT, Mangle, and ip6tables......Page 465 Packet Filtering......Page 466 Network Address Translation......Page 475 Packet Mangling: The Mangle Table......Page 477 IP Masquerading......Page 478 Part VII: System Administration......Page 479 Ubuntu Administrative Tools......Page 481 Administrative Access......Page 483 System Time and Date......Page 490 Scheduling Tasks with cron......Page 491 System Directories......Page 496 System Logs: /var/log and syslogd......Page 497 Performance Analysis Tools and Processes......Page 501 Grand Unified Bootloader......Page 504 Virtualization......Page 508 GUI User Management Tools: users-admin......Page 515 User Configuration Files......Page 517 The Password Files......Page 518 Managing User Environments......Page 520 Adding and Removing Users and Groups with useradd, usermod, and userdel......Page 522 Managing Groups......Page 524 Disk Quotas......Page 526 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol......Page 528 Pluggable Authentication Modules......Page 533 23 File Systems......Page 537 File System Hierarchy Standard......Page 538 Journaling......Page 550 Mounting File Systems Automatically: /etc/fstab......Page 551 Mounting File Systems Manually: mount and umount......Page 557 Creating File Systems: mkfs, mke2fs, mkswap, parted, and fdisk......Page 560 Mono and .NET Support......Page 567 24 RAID and LVM......Page 569 Logical Volume Manager......Page 570 Configuring RAID Devices......Page 581 The sysfs File System: /sys......Page 593 udev: Device Files......Page 595 Hardware Abstraction Layer......Page 604 Manual Devices......Page 609 Input Devices......Page 611 Installing Other Cards......Page 612 PCMCIA Devices......Page 613 Modules......Page 614 Individual Backups: archive and rsync......Page 621 BackupPC......Page 623 Amanda......Page 627 Backups with Dump and Restore......Page 630 TCP/IP Protocol Suite......Page 635 IPv4 and IPv6......Page 638 TCP/IP Network Addresses......Page 639 IPv6 Addressing......Page 644 TCP/IP Configuration Files......Page 646 Network Autoconfiguration with IPv6, DHCPv6, and DHCP......Page 649 Domain Name Service......Page 656 Network Interfaces and Routes: ifconfig and route......Page 657 Monitoring Your Network: EtherApe, Ping, Ettercap, Wireshark, Tcpdump, and Netstat......Page 658 Part VIII: Local Services......Page 663 Upstart......Page 665 Upstart and Runlevels: event.d and init.d......Page 668 System Startup Files and Scripts......Page 671 Service Scripts: /etc/init.d......Page 672 Managing Services......Page 674 Service Management: services-admin, rrconf, sysv-rc-conf, and update-rc.d......Page 675 Extended Internet Services Daemon (xinetd)......Page 679 Printer Services: CUPS......Page 687 Printer Devices and Configuration......Page 688 Installing Printers......Page 689 CUPS Configuration Files......Page 698 CUPS Command Line Print Clients......Page 699 CUPS Command Line Administrative Tools......Page 701 Database Servers: MySQL and PostgreSQL......Page 703 Samba......Page 709 Network File Systems: NFS and /etc/exports......Page 729 Distributed Network File Systems......Page 734 A: Obtaining the Distribution......Page 735 A......Page 737 C......Page 738 D......Page 739 E......Page 740 G......Page 741 I......Page 743 K......Page 744 L......Page 745 M......Page 746 N......Page 747 P......Page 748 R......Page 749 S......Page 750 U......Page 752 W......Page 753 Z......Page 754 The Definitive Guide to Ubuntu - Covers Ubuntu 8.04 LTS.Maximize the powerful features of Ubuntu with expert guidance, tips, and techniques from bestselling Linux author Richard Petersen. Packed with clear explanations and detailed examples, this comprehensive volume shows you how to get off the ground with Ubuntu, set up hardware and Internet connections, and use the latest system and network administration utilities.Ubuntu: The Complete Reference covers the desktops, shells, and administration tools for users, printers, services, and networks. Get full details on the latest Ubuntu-compatible office, mail, Web, and multimedia software, along with remote access (Vinagre), virtualization (KVM and Xen) and service managment (Upstart). You'll also learn how to interoperate with Windows networks and deploy reliable security using PolicyKit, Seahorse, AppArmor, SELinux, netfilter, and the Secure Shell.Install Ubuntu using Live CDs, the Install DVD, or Wubi Windows virtual disk; Configure printers, devices, and network connections; Access Linux using GNOME, KDE, KDE4, and XFce desktops; Manage software with Synaptic Package Manager and APT; Work with the BASH shell command, configuration, and file management capabilities; Use office, Web (Firefox 3), mail, and multimedia applications (PulseAudio); Manage file systems including RAID and LVM; Secure Ubuntu using PolicyKit authentication, Seahorse encryption, SSH and Kerberos security, AppArmor access controls, and Firestarter and UFW firewalls; Use SAMBA and NFS to share network resources.*The DVD is not included with the digital version of this book. Publisher's Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The Definitive Guide to Ubuntu--Covers Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Maximize the powerful features of Ubuntu with expert guidance, tips, and techniques from bestselling Linux author Richard Petersen. Packed with clear explanations and detailed examples, this comprehensive volume shows you how to get off the ground with Ubuntu, set up hardware and Internet connections, and use the latest system and network administration utilities. The Complete Reference covers the desktops, shells, and administration tools for users, printers, services, and networks. Get full details on the latest Ubuntu-compatible office, mail, Web, and multimedia software, along with remote access (Vinagre), virtualization (KVM and Xen) and service managment (Upstart).You'll also learn how to interoperate with Windows networks and deploy reliable security using PolicyKit, Seahorse, AppArmor, SELinux, netfilter, and the Secure Shell. "Maximize the powerful features of Ubuntu with expert guidance, tips, and techniques from Linux author Richard Petersen. Packed with clear explanations and detailed examples, this comprehensive volume shows you how to get off the ground with Ubuntu, set up hardware and Internet connections, and use the latest system and network administration utilities." "Ubuntu: The Complete Reference covers the desktops, shells, and administration tools for users, printers, services, and networks. Get full details on the latest Ubuntu-compatible office, mail, Web, and multimedia software, along with remote access (Vinagre), virtualization (KVM and Xen), and service management (Upstart). You'll also learn how to interoperate with Windows networks and deploy reliable security using PolicyKit, Seahorse, AppArmor, SELinux, netfilter, and the Secure Shell."--BOOK JACKET