The Indian Paleogene

La 4e de couv. porte :"This unique book provides a concise account of Indian Paleogene and presents a unified view of the Paleogene sequences of India. The Paleogene, comprising the early part of the Cenozoic Era, was the most dynamic period in the Earth's history with profound changes in the biosphere and geosphere. The period spans ~42 million years, beginning from post- K/T mass extinction event at ~65 Ma and ending at ~23 Ma, when the first Antarctic ice sheet appeared in the Southern Hemisphere. The early Paleogene (Paleocene-Eocene) has been considered a globally warm period, superimposed on which were several transient hyperthermal events of extreme warmth. Of these, the Palaeocene Eocene Thermal Maxima (PETM) boundary interval is the most prominent extreme warming episode, lasting 200 Ka. PETM is characterized by 2-60 global negative carbon isotope excursion. The event coincided with the Benthic Extinction Event (BEE) in deep sea and Larger Foraminifera Turnover (LFT) in shallow seas. Rapid ~60-80 warming of high latitudinal regions led to major faunal and floral turnovers in continental, shallow-marine and deep-marine areas. The emergence and dispersal of mammals with modern characteristics, including Artiodactyls, Perissodactyls and Primates (APP), and the evolution and expansion of tropical vegetation are some of the significant features of the Paleogene warm world. In the Indian subcontinent, the beginning and end of the Paleogene was marked by various events that shaped the various physiographic features of the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent lay within the equatorial zone during the earliest part of the Paleogene. Carbonaceous shale, coal and lignite deposits of early Eocene age (~55.5-52 Ma) on the western and north-eastern margins of the Indian subcontinent are rich in fossils and provide information on climate as well as the evolution and paleobiogeography of tropical biota. Indian Paleogene deposits in the India-Asia collision zone also provide information pertaining to the paleogeography and timing of collision. Indian Paleogene rocks are exposed in the Himalayan and Arakan mountains; Assam and the shelf basins of Kutch-Saurashtra, Western Rajasthan; Tiruchirappalli--Pondicherry and Andaman and, though aerially limited, these rocks bear geological evidence of immense importance." From Series Editor 6 Contents 8 About the Editors 10 Paleogene Stratigraphy of India: An Overview 12 Introduction 13 Indian Stages Biochrons 14 Limitations of Bio- and Chronostratigraphy 18 Some Inquiries and Requisites of Basic Research in India 19 Resolution Achieved so Far 19 Systematic Stratigraphy 27 Schuppen Belt, Naga Hills Fold Belt and NE Manipur 42 Tripura, Cachar, Mizoram and SW Manipur 44 References 93 Paleogene Tectonic and Sedimentation History of the Andaman-Nicobar Accretionary Arc, Northeast Indian Ocean 101 Introduction 101 Tectonic Setting and Geological Framework 102 Paleogene Stratigraphy 108 Mithakhari Melange 108 Andaman Flysch 112 Discussion 116 Paleocene-Eocene Tectonics and Sedimentation 116 Oligocene Tectonics and Sedimentation 117 Conclusion 118 References 119 Geotectonic Evolution of the Paleogene Basins in and Around Peninsular India as Revealed in Seismic Sections and Deep Drilling 123 Introduction 124 Regional Tectonic Setting and Paleogene Basins 124 Kutch Rift and Kutch Basin 126 Saurashtra Basin 128 Cambay Structure and Associated Basins 129 East Coast Fault Zone and Associated Basins 130 Narmada-Tapti Tectonic Zone and Associated Basins 135 Cretaceous Volcanic Units 136 Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary 140 Conclusions 140 References 142 Foraminiferal Effects of Regional Fire and Attendant Paleoenvironment During K/Pg Transition: Organo-Chemical Evidence from the Um Sohryngkew River Section, Meghalaya, India 144 Introduction 145 Materials and Methods 146 Results 148 Discussion 152 Conclusion 155 References 157 Palaeogene–Neogene Tectonics and Continental Aggradational Basins in North-Western India: Implications for Geological Evolution of Thar Desert 160 Introduction 161 Tectonic Set-up in Thar Desert Region 163 Tectonic Lineaments in Thar Desert Region 164 Luni–Sukri Lineament 164 Jaisalmer–Barwani Lineament 166 Lathi–Rajkot Lineament 167 Raisinghnagar–Tonk Lineament 167 Sardarshahar Fault 167 Palaeogene and Neogene/Quaternary Aggradation Basins 168 Discussion and Conclusion 171 References 174 Provenance of the Late Paleocene Matanomadh Sandstones, Kachchh, Western India 176 Introduction 177 Geological Background 178 Methodology 180 Results 181 Petrography 181 Heavy Minerals 186 Dispersal Pattern 187 Discussion 191 Conclusions 192 References 193 Palynofacies Study of Lakadong Limestone (Late Paleocene) of Mawsynram Area, Shillong Plateau, India: Implications for Sequence Stratigraphy 195 Introduction 196 Regional Geology 197 Age of Lakadong Limestone Member in Mawsynram 198 Study Area 198 Materials and Methods 200 Palynofacies Analysis 201 Palynofacies Analysis of Lakadong Limestone 203 Discussion 212 References 213 Nannofossil Imprints of Paleogene Transgressive Events in India 216 Introduction 217 Conclusions 219 References 227 Implication of the Occurrence of Minute Biotic Bodies on the Conjoined Nummulites aff. Nummulites acutus (Sowerby) in the subsurface Eocene of Cauvery Basin, India 231 Introduction 232 Material and Methods 233 Systematic Paleontology 237 Minute Bodies—Categories and Nature 241 Possible Cause of Development of the Minute Forms 243 Discussion 249 References 252 Palaeocene Faunal Events and Fossil Records of Andaman Islands, India 254 Introduction 255 Material and Method 259 Geological Set Up 259 Observations 260 Discussion 261 Conclusions 265 References 266 Middle Eocene—Lower Oligocene Climatic Transition and Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy at DSDP Sites 219 and 237, Arabian Sea and Western Tropical Indian Ocean 268 Introduction 269 Location and Setting 271 Materials and Methods 277 Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblages 277 Middle Eocene—Lower Oligocene Biostratigraphy 286 Discussion and Conclusions 289 Biostratigraphy of MECO 290 Biostratigraphy of Eocene-Oligocene Transition 291 Taxonomic Appendix 292 References 293 The Oligocene Corals Had Circumtropical Distribution 297 Introduction 298 Materials and Methods 299 Results and Discussion 302 Species Level Analysis 302 Genus Level Analysis 304 Remarks 305 Conclusion 306 Appendix 1 307 References 309 Molluscan Biostratigraphy and Palynological Assemblage of Paleogene Disang Formation, Manipur, India 313 Introduction 314 Materials and Methods 314 Fossil Assemblage 320 Molluscan Fossils 320 Palynological Assemblage 320 Plant Fossils 322 Discussion 323 Biostratigraphy 323 Depositional Environment 325 Conclusions 329 References 329 Front Matter ....Pages i-x Paleogene Stratigraphy of India: An Overview (D. S. N. Raju)....Pages 1-89 Paleogene Tectonic and Sedimentation History of the Andaman-Nicobar Accretionary Arc, Northeast Indian Ocean (P. C. Bandopadhyay, Andrew Carter)....Pages 91-112 Geotectonic Evolution of the Paleogene Basins in and Around Peninsular India as Revealed in Seismic Sections and Deep Drilling (K. S. Misra)....Pages 113-133 Foraminiferal Effects of Regional Fire and Attendant Paleoenvironment During K/Pg Transition: Organo-Chemical Evidence from the Um Sohryngkew River Section, Meghalaya, India (Sucharita Pal, J. P. Shrivastava, Sanjay K. Mukhopadhyay)....Pages 135-150 Palaeogene–Neogene Tectonics and Continental Aggradational Basins in North-Western India: Implications for Geological Evolution of Thar Desert (Sudesh Kumar Wadhawan)....Pages 151-166 Provenance of the Late Paleocene Matanomadh Sandstones, Kachchh, Western India (V. K. Srivastava, B. P. Singh, A. Patra)....Pages 167-185 Palynofacies Study of Lakadong Limestone (Late Paleocene) of Mawsynram Area, Shillong Plateau, India: Implications for Sequence Stratigraphy (Bikash Gogoi, Vandana Prasad, Rahul Garg, Indrabir Singh)....Pages 187-207 Nannofossil Imprints of Paleogene Transgressive Events in India (Jyotsana Rai)....Pages 209-223 Implication of the Occurrence of Minute Biotic Bodies on the Conjoined Nummulites aff. Nummulites acutus (Sowerby) in the subsurface Eocene of Cauvery Basin, India (Sanjay Kumar Mukhopadhyay)....Pages 225-247 Palaeocene Faunal Events and Fossil Records of Andaman Islands, India (Tarun Koley, Amitava Lahiri, K. M. Wanjarwadkar, C. S. Anju)....Pages 249-262 Middle Eocene—Lower Oligocene Climatic Transition and Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy at DSDP Sites 219 and 237, Arabian Sea and Western Tropical Indian Ocean (Prabha Kalia, L. R. Sahu)....Pages 263-291 The Oligocene Corals Had Circumtropical Distribution (Patrali Sinha, Kalyan Halder)....Pages 293-308 Molluscan Biostratigraphy and Palynological Assemblage of Paleogene Disang Formation, Manipur, India (Y. Raghumani Singh, Umarani Sijagurumayum, B. P. Singh)....Pages 309-327