Telecommunication Circuits and Technology

Telecommunication Circuits and Technology provides students with a problem solving approach to understanding the fundamentals of telecommunications. The author covers the common telecommunication and data communication circuits that are currently taught at further and higher education level and also used in industry. Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked examples and problems for specific applications and industrial data sheets are also given. This text is essential reading for HND/C and degree studnets of electronic or telecommunications engineering. Due to its practical bias, it is also a useful text for technical professionals wishing to update their skills or learn new technology. Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked example Novel approach using real engineering problems and manufacturers' data sheets 1.1 Introduction......Page 11 1.2 The principles of oscillation......Page 12 1.3 The basic structure and requirements of an oscillator......Page 13 1.4 RC oscillators......Page 15 Phase-shift oscillators......Page 16 Wien bridge oscillator......Page 18 The twin-T oscillator......Page 21 The Colpitts oscillator......Page 23 The Hartley oscillator......Page 28 The Clapp oscillator......Page 31 The Armstrong oscillator......Page 33 1.6 Crystal oscillators......Page 34 1.8 Types of crystal oscillator......Page 35 1.9 Oscillator frequency stability......Page 36 1.10 Integrated circuit oscillators......Page 41 1.11 Further problems......Page 43 2.1 Introduction......Page 60 Amplitude modulation......Page 62 Power distribution in an AM wave......Page 64 Amplitude modulation techniques......Page 67 2.3 The balanced modulator/ demodulator......Page 69 2.4 Frequency modulation and demodulation......Page 70 Bandwidth and CarsonÌs rule......Page 0 2.5 FM modulators......Page 78 The phase-locked loop demodulator......Page 80 The ratio detector......Page 81 Frequency shift keying......Page 82 Phase shift keying (BPSK)......Page 85 Quadrature phase shift keying......Page 87 2.8 Further problems......Page 89 3.1 Introduction......Page 104 3.2 Passive filters......Page 106 Filter response......Page 107 Cut-off frequency and roll-off rate......Page 108 Filter orders......Page 109 3.4 First-order filters......Page 110 3.5 Design of first-order filters......Page 113 Low-pass second-order filters......Page 115 3.7 Using the transfer function......Page 119 3.8 Using normalized tables......Page 121 3.10 Second-order high-pass filters......Page 122 3.11 Additional problems......Page 128 3.12 Bandpass filters......Page 129 3.14 Switched capacitor filter......Page 133 3.15 Monolithic switched capacitor filter......Page 135 3.16 The notch filter......Page 136 Twin- T network......Page 137 The state variable filter......Page 138 Capacitor selection......Page 141 Signal generator and oscilloscope method......Page 142 The sweep frequency method......Page 145 4.1 Introduction......Page 170 4.2 Tuned circuits......Page 171 4.3 The Q factor......Page 172 4.5 Gain and bandwidth......Page 173 4.6 Effect of loading......Page 175 4.7 Effect of tapping the tuning coil......Page 178 4.9 Tuned primary......Page 182 4.10 Tuned secondary......Page 186 4.11 Double tuning......Page 190 4.12 Crystal and ceramic tuned amplifiers......Page 193 4.13 Integrated tuned amplifiers......Page 197 4.15 Further problems......Page 201 5.1 Introduction......Page 225 5.2 Transistor characteristics and parameters......Page 226 Using transistor characteristics......Page 227 5.3 Transistor bias......Page 229 Voltage divider bias......Page 233 5.4 Small signal voltage amplifiers......Page 235 5.5 The use of the decibel......Page 237 Class A (single-ended) amplifier......Page 238 Class B push-pull (transformer) amplifier......Page 242 Crossover distortion......Page 243 Class B complementary pair push- pull......Page 244 Practical analysis of class B push-pull parameters......Page 245 5.7 Calculating power and efficiency......Page 252 5.8 Integrated circuit power amplifiers......Page 256 LM380......Page 257 TDA2006......Page 258 5.9 Radio frequency power amplifiers......Page 259 5.10 Power amplifier measurements......Page 260 5.11 Further problems......Page 262 6.1 Introduction......Page 283 6.2 Operational considerations......Page 284 Phase detector......Page 285 Amplifier......Page 287 Voltage-controlled oscillator......Page 288 The Bode plot......Page 289 Compensation analysis......Page 291 6.5 Integrated phase-locked loops......Page 298 6.6 Phase-locked loop design using the HCC4046B......Page 301 6.7 Frequency synthesis......Page 304 Prescaling......Page 306 6.8 Further problems......Page 309 7.1 Introduction......Page 336 7.2 Phase delay and propagation velocity......Page 337 7.3 The propagation constant and secondary constants......Page 338 7.4 Transmission line distortion......Page 339 7.5 Wave reflection and the reflection coefficient......Page 340 7.6 Standing wave ratio......Page 342 Transmission modes......Page 344 The rectangular waveguide......Page 345 Cut-off conditions......Page 346 7.8 Microwave passive components......Page 351 The directional coupler......Page 352 Waveguide junctions......Page 353 Cavity resonators......Page 354 Probes......Page 359 Circulators and isolators......Page 361 Microwave tubes......Page 363 Multicavity magnetrons......Page 364 7.10 Further problems......Page 374 A Bessel table and graphs......Page 376 B Analysis of gain off resonance......Page 378 C Circuit analysis for a tuned primary amplifier......Page 380 D Circuit analysis for a tuned secondary......Page 382 E Circuit analysis for double tuning......Page 384 Index......Page 387 1 Oscillators 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 The principles of oscillation 12 1.3 The basic structure and requirements of an oscillator 13 1.4 RC oscillators 15 Phase-shift oscillators 16 Wien bridge oscillator 18 The twin-T oscillator 21 1.5 LC oscillators 23 The Colpitts oscillator 23 The Hartley oscillator 28 The Clapp oscillator 31 The Armstrong oscillator 33 1.6 Crystal oscillators 34 1.7 Crystal cuts 35 1.8 Types of crystal oscillator 35 1.9 Oscillator frequency stability 36 1.10 Integrated circuit oscillators 41 1.11 Further problems 43 2 Modulation systems 60 2.1 Introduction 60 2.2 Analogue modulation techniques 62 Amplitude modulation 62 Power distribution in an AM wave 64 Amplitude modulation techniques 67 2.3 The balanced modulator/ demodulator 69 2.4 Frequency modulation and demodulation 70 Bandwidth and CarsonÌs rule 0 2.5 FM modulators 78 2.6 FM demodulators 80 The phase-locked loop demodulator 80 The ratio detector 81 2.7 Digital modulation techniques 82 Frequency shift keying 82 Phase shift keying (BPSK) 85 Quadrature phase shift keying 87 2.8 Further problems 89 3 Filter applications 104 3.1 Introduction 104 3.2 Passive filters 106 3.3 Active filters 107 Filter response 107 Cut-off frequency and roll-off rate 108 Filter types 109 Filter orders 109 3.4 First-order filters 110 3.5 Design of first-order filters 113 3.6 Second-order filters 115 Low-pass second-order filters 115 3.7 Using the transfer function 119 3.8 Using normalized tables 121 3.9 Using identical components 122 3.10 Second-order high-pass filters 122 3.11 Additional problems 128 3.12 Bandpass filters 129 3.13 Additional problems 133 3.14 Switched capacitor filter 133 3.15 Monolithic switched capacitor filter 135 3.16 The notch filter 136 Twin- T network 137 The state variable filter 138 3.17 Choosing components for filters 141 Resistor selection 141 Capacitor selection 141 3.18 Testing filter response 142 Signal generator and oscilloscope method 142 The sweep frequency method 145 4 Tuned amplifier applications 170 4.1 Introduction 170 4.2 Tuned circuits 171 4.3 The Q factor 172 4.4 Dynamic impedance 173 4.5 Gain and bandwidth 173 4.6 Effect of loading 175 4.7 Effect of tapping the tuning coil 178 4.8 Transformer- coupled amplifier 182 4.9 Tuned primary 182 4.10 Tuned secondary 186 4.11 Double tuning 190 4.12 Crystal and ceramic tuned amplifiers 193 4.13 Integrated tuned amplifiers 197 4.14 Testing tuned amplifiers 201 4.15 Further problems 201 5 Power amplifiers 225 5.1 Introduction 225 5.2 Transistor characteristics and parameters 226 Using transistor characteristics 227 5.3 Transistor bias 229 Voltage divider bias 233 5.4 Small signal voltage amplifiers 235 5.5 The use of the decibel 237 5.6 Types of power amplifier 238 Class A (single-ended) amplifier 238 Practical analysis of class A single- ended parameters 242 Class B push-pull (transformer) amplifier 242 Crossover distortion 243 Class B complementary pair push- pull 244 Practical analysis of class B push-pull parameters 245 5.7 Calculating power and efficiency 252 5.8 Integrated circuit power amplifiers 256 LM380 257 TBA 820M 258 TDA2006 258 5.9 Radio frequency power amplifiers 259 5.10 Power amplifier measurements 260 5.11 Further problems 262 6 Phase- locked loops and synthesizers 283 6.1 Introduction 283 6.2 Operational considerations 284 6.3 Phase-locked loop elements 285 Phase detector 285 Amplifier 287 Voltage-controlled oscillator 288 Filter 289 6.4 Compensation 289 The Bode plot 289 Delay networks 291 Compensation analysis 291 6.5 Integrated phase-locked loops 298 6.6 Phase-locked loop design using the HCC4046B 301 6.7 Frequency synthesis 304 Prescaling 306 6.8 Further problems 309 7 Microwave devices and components 336 7.1 Introduction 336 7.2 Phase delay and propagation velocity 337 7.3 The propagation constant and secondary constants 338 7.4 Transmission line distortion 339 7.5 Wave reflection and the reflection coefficient 340 7.6 Standing wave ratio 342 7.7 Fundamental waveguide characteristics 344 Transmission modes 344 Skin effect 345 The rectangular waveguide 345 Cut-off conditions 346 7.8 Microwave passive components 351 The directional coupler 352 Waveguide junctions 353 Cavity resonators 354 Probes 359 Circulators and isolators 361 7.9 Microwave active devices 363 Solid-state devices 363 Microwave tubes 363 Multicavity magnetrons 364 7.10 Further problems 374 A Bessel table and graphs 376 B Analysis of gain off resonance 378 C Circuit analysis for a tuned primary amplifier 380 D Circuit analysis for a tuned secondary 382 E Circuit analysis for double tuning 384 Index 387 Referex Telecommunication Circuits and Technology provides students with a problem solving approach to understanding the fundamentals of telecommunications. The author covers the common telecommunication and data communication circuits that are currently taught at further and higher education level and also used in industry. Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked examples and problems for specific applications and industrial data sheets are also given.

This text is essential reading for HND/C and degree studnets of electronic or telecommunications engineering. Due to its practical bias, it is also a useful text for technical professionals wishing to update their skills or learn new technology.

Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked example

Novel approach using real engineering problems and manufacturers' data sheets Telecommunication Circuits and Technology provides students with a problem solving approach to understanding the fundamentals of telecommunications. The author covers the common telecommunication and data communication circuits that are currently taught at further and higher education level and also used in industry. Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked examples and problems for specific applications and industrial data sheets are also given. This text is essential reading for HND/C and degree students of electronic or telecommunications engineering. Due to its practical bias, it is also a useful text for technical professionals wishing to update their skills or learn new technology. Understanding is reinforced with frequent worked example Novel approach using real engineering problems and manufacturers' data sheets