Systems Architecture : Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems

Architecture and Function of Complex Systems System architecture is the study of early decision making in complex systems. This text teaches how to capture experience and analysis about early system decisions, and how to choose architectures that meet stakeholder needs, integrate easily, and evolve flexibly. With case studies written by leading practitioners, from hybrid cars to communications networks to aircraft, this text showcases the science and art of system architecture. � KEY TOPICS: SYSTEM THINKING: Introduction to System Architecture, System Thinking, Thinking about Complex Systems, ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: Form, Function, System Architecture, Solution-Neutral Function and Concepts, From Concept to Architecture, CREATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: The Role of the Architect, Upstream and Downstream Influences on System Architecture, Translating Needs into Goals, Applying Creativity to Generating a Concept, Decomposition as a Tool for Managing Complexity, ARCHITECTURE AS DECISIONS: System Architecture as a Decision-Making Process, Reasoning about Architectural Tradespaces, Formulating and Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems MARKET: This text is beneficial for engineers and programmers studying systems architecture. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 3 Contents......Page 4 Foreword......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Part 1 System Thinking......Page 16 The Advantages of Good Architecture......Page 17 Learning Objectives......Page 20 Organization of the Text......Page 21 References......Page 22 2.2 Systems and Emergence......Page 23 2.3 Task 1: Identify the System, Its Form, and Its Function......Page 28 2.4 Task 2: Identify Entities of a System, Their Form, and Their Function......Page 32 2.5 Task 3: Identify the Relationships among the Entities......Page 41 2.6 Task 4 Emergence......Page 43 2.7 Summary......Page 48 References......Page 49 3.2 Complexity in Systems......Page 50 3.3 Decomposition of Systems......Page 54 3.4 Special Logical Relationships......Page 58 3.5 Reasoning through Complex Systems......Page 59 3.6 Architecture Representation Tools: SysML and OPM......Page 60 3.7 Summary......Page 63 References......Page 65 Part 2 Analysis of System Architecture......Page 66 4.2 Form in Architecture......Page 68 4.3 Analysis of Form in Architecture......Page 73 4.4 Analysis of Formal Relationships in Architecture......Page 78 4.5 Formal Context......Page 90 4.6 Form in Software Systems......Page 92 References......Page 97 5.2 Function in Architecture......Page 98 5.3 Analysis of External Function and Value......Page 104 5.4 Analysis of Internal Function......Page 109 5.5 Analysis of Functional Interactions and Functional Architecture......Page 113 5.6 Secondary Value-Related External and Internal Functions......Page 123 References......Page 124 6.1 Introduction......Page 125 6.2 System Architecture: Form and Function......Page 126 6.3 Non-idealities, Supporting Layers, and Interfaces in System Architecture......Page 136 6.4 Operational Behavior......Page 140 6.5 Reasoning about Architecture Using Representations......Page 144 References......Page 151 7.1 Introduction......Page 152 7.2 Identifying the Solution-Neutral Function......Page 155 7.3 Concept......Page 157 7.4 Integrated Concepts......Page 167 7.5 Concepts of Operations and Services......Page 172 7.6 Summary......Page 173 References......Page 174 8.1 Introduction......Page 175 8.2 Developing the Level 1 Architecture......Page 177 8.3 Developing the Level 2 Architecture......Page 181 8.4 Home Data Network Architecture at Level 2......Page 185 8.5 Modularizing the System at Level 1......Page 188 8.6 Summary......Page 190 References......Page 191 Part 3 Creating System Architecture......Page 192 9.2 Ambiguity and the Role of the Architect......Page 193 9.3 The Product Development Process......Page 199 9.4 Summary......Page 207 References......Page 211 10.1 Introduction......Page 212 10.2 Upstream Influence: Corporate Strategy......Page 213 10.3 Upstream Influence: Marketing......Page 216 10.4 Upstream Influence: Regulation and Pseudo-Regulatory Influences......Page 219 10.5 Upstream Influence: Technology Infusion......Page 221 10.6 Downstream Influence: Implementation—Coding, Manufacturing, and Supply Chain Management......Page 222 10.7 Downstream Influence: Operations......Page 225 10.8 Downstream Influence: Design for X......Page 227 10.9 Downstream Influence: Product and System Evolution, and Product Families......Page 229 10.10 The Product Case: Architecture Business Case Decision (ABCD)......Page 232 10.11 Summary......Page 236 References......Page 239 11.1 Introduction......Page 241 11.2 Identifying Beneficiaries and Stakeholders......Page 242 11.3 Characterizing Needs......Page 251 11.4 Interpreting Needs as Goals......Page 259 11.5 Prioritizing Goals......Page 265 11.6 Summary......Page 268 References......Page 274 12.1 Introduction......Page 277 12.2 Applying Creativity to Concept......Page 278 12.3 Develop the Concepts......Page 283 12.4 Expand the Concepts and Develop the Concept Fragments......Page 284 12.5 Evolve and Refine the Integrated Concepts......Page 289 12.6 Select a Few Integrated Concepts for Further Development......Page 292 12.7 Summary......Page 294 References......Page 299 13.2 Understanding Complexity......Page 301 13.3 Managing Complexity......Page 310 13.4 Summary......Page 318 References......Page 323 Part 4 Architecture as Decisions......Page 324 14.1 Introduction......Page 326 14.2 Formulating the Apollo Architecture Decision Problem......Page 327 14.3 Decisions and Decision Support......Page 332 14.4 Four Main Tasks of Decision Support Systems......Page 334 14.5 Basic Decision Support Tools......Page 335 14.6 Decision Support for System Architecture......Page 341 References......Page 343 15.1 Introduction......Page 346 15.2 Tradespace Basics......Page 347 15.3 The Pareto Frontier......Page 349 15.4 Structure of the Tradespace......Page 356 15.5 Sensitivity Analysis......Page 360 15.6 Organizing Architectural Decisions......Page 365 15.7 Summary......Page 371 References......Page 372 16.1 Introduction......Page 374 16.2 Formulating a System Architecture Optimization Problem......Page 376 16.3 NEOSS Example: An Earth Observing Satellite System for NASA......Page 378 16.4 Patterns in System Architecting Decisions......Page 380 16.5 Formulating a Large-scale System Architecture Problem......Page 404 16.6 Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems......Page 409 References......Page 417 Appendices......Page 421 Chapter Problems......Page 436 Index......Page 463 Principles of System Architecture......Page 481 For courses in engineering and technical management System architecture is the study of early decision making in complex systems. This text teaches how to capture experience and analysis about early system decisions, and how to choose architectures that meet stakeholder needs, integrate easily, and evolve flexibly. With case studies written by leading practitioners, from hybrid cars to communications networks to aircraft, this text showcases the science and art of system architecture. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you'll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed. This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Architecture and Function of Complex SystemsSystem architecture is the study of early decision making in complex systems. This text teaches how to capture experience and analysis about early system decisions, and how to choose architectures that meet stakeholder needs, integrate easily, and evolve flexibly. With case studies written by leading practitioners, from hybrid cars to communications networks to aircraft, this text showcases the science and art of system architecture.