Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

Introductions to solid state physics have, ever since the initial book by F. Seitz in 1940, concentrated on simple crystals, with few atoms per cell, bonded together by strong ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds. References to weaker bonds, such as van der Waals forces in rare gases, or to geometric or chemical disorder (e.g., alloys or glasses) have been limited. The physical understanding of this?eld started well before Seitz's book and led to a number of Nobel prizes after the last war. Applications cover classical metallurgy, el- tronics, geology and building materials, as well as electrical and ionic transport, chemical reactivity, ferroelectricity and magnetism. But in parallel with this general and well publicized trend, and sometimes earlier as far as physical concepts were concerned, an exploration and increasingly systematic study of softer matter has developed through the twentieth century. More often in the hands of physical chemists and crystallographers than those of pure physicists, the?eld had for a long time a reputation of complexity. If progress in polymers was steady but slow, interest in liquid crystals had lain dormant for forty years, after a bright start lasting through 1925, to be revived in the late 1960s based on their possible use in imaging techniques. The optoelectronic properties of the?eld in general are even more recent. Traditionally, the materials studied by physicists have uniform properties and can readily be classified as solids, liquids, or gases. However, many materials of great interest for technology, chemistry, or biology, have complex structures and properties that vary from point to point and time to time. Among these are such materials as liquid crystals, polymer solutions or melts, colloids, foams, and gels, which have come collectively to be called "soft matter." They generally consist of organic molecules that interact weakly, so that individual phases are stable only over small temperature ranges. This text, intended for students with some knowledge of quantum mechanics, discusses the physics of these materials. It begins with discussions of the chemical bond and the interactions that bind molecules into condensed matter, of the ordering (crystalline or otherwise) one finds in condensed matter, noting that for soft matter the order is intermediate between that of crystals and that of typical disordered fluids. The discussion then turns to phase transitions, elasticity, and dynamics, using liquid crystals as the focus. A discussion of growth phenomena and fractals introduces a detailed treatment of dislocations and defects that clarifies many concepts by using insights only recently developed from the study of liquid crystals. The book concludes with discussions of surface phenomena, the stability of colloidal systems, and structural properties of polymers. The detailed exposition, the emphasis on physical principles, and the exercises at the ends of each chapter will make this a valuable introduction to this rapidly growing area of research

Many materials have complex structural and dynamic properties intermediate between those of crystals and fluids. Among these are liquid crystals, with their well-known orientational order; colloids; polymer solutions and melts; foams; and gels; collectively these have come to be called soft matter. These materials generally consist of organic molecules that interact weakly; as a result, thermal fluctuations, external fields, and boundary effects strongly influence their structure and properties. This sensitivity raises interesting new problems in basic physics, chemistry, and materials science; offers a path of thinking about some processes in biological systems; and opens numerous possibilities for technological applications.

This textbook for graduate students in physics or chemical physics begins with a discussion of chemical bonds, interactions between particles, and the resulting molecular arrangements. The concept of order parameter leads to a discussion of phase transitions, elasticity and dynamics, followed by a review of fractals and growth phenomena. A significant portion of the book deals with defects of topological nature that accompany various types of order. The book concludes with chapters on surface phenomena, stability of colloidal systems, and structural properties of polymers. The detailed exposition, the emphasis on physical principles, and the exercises at the end of each chapter will make this book a valuable introduction for graduate students and researchers to this rapidly growing field.

cover......Page 1 Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining......Page 2 Preface......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 List of Contributors......Page 9 Introduction to Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining......Page 12 Neural Networks For Data Mining......Page 25 Improved SOM Labeling Methodology for Data Mining Applications......Page 53 A Review of Evolutionary Algorithms for Data Mining......Page 84 Genetic Clustering for Data Mining......Page 117 Discovering New Rule Induction Algorithms with Grammar-based Genetic Programming......Page 137 Evolutionary Design of Code-matrices for Multiclass Problems......Page 157 Part IV Advanced Soft Computing Methods and Areas......Page 8 The Role of Fuzzy Sets in Data Mining......Page 189 Support Vector Machines and Fuzzy Systems......Page 206 KDD in Marketing with Genetic Fuzzy Systems......Page 225 Knowledge Discovery in a Framework for Modelling with Words......Page 240 Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Data Clustering......Page 276 A Diffusion Framework for Dimensionality Reduction......Page 311 Data Mining and Agent Technology: a fruitful symbiosis......Page 322 Approximate Frequent Itemset Mining In the Presence of Random Noise......Page 358 The Impact of Overfitting and Overgeneralization on the Classification Accuracy in Data Mining......Page 385 Index......Page 426 "This textbook for graduate students in physics or chemical physics begins with a discussion of chemical bonds, interactions between particles, and the resulting molecular arrangements. The concept of order parameter leads to a discussion of phase transitions, elasticity, and dynamics, followed by a review of fractals and growth phenomena. A significant portion of the book deals with defects of topological nature that accompany various types of order. The book concludes with chapters on surface phenomena, stability of colloidal systems, and structural properties of polymers. The detailed exposition, the emphasis on physical principles, and the exercises at the end of each chapter will make this book a valuable introduction for graduate students and researchers to this rapidly growing field."--BOOK JACKET. The study of "soft matter" materials with complex properties has raised a number of interesting problems in basic physics, biology, and materials science, all of which promise new and important technological applications. After a review of chemical bonds and phase transitions, the authors treat topics such as surface phenomena, stability of colloidal systems, structural properties of polymers, and topological defects. The monograph's emphasis on underlying physical principles offers a coherent treatment of the great variety of research in the field. Focusing completely on back propagation a systematic method for training multilayer artificial neural networks this volume provides a detailed and comprehensive guide to the development and use of neural networks for statistical modeling. Extensive examples from real business problems put the guide's techniques into a practical context. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.