Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th Edition

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design is intended for students beginning the study of mechanical engineering design. Students will find that the text inherently directs them into familiarity with both the basics of design decisions and the standards of industrial components. It combines the straightforward focus on fundamentals that instructors have come to expect, with a modern emphasis on design and new applications. The ninth edition of Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design maintains the approach that has made this book the standard in machine design for nearly 50 years. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright......Page 7 Contents......Page 13 Preface......Page 18 Part 1 Basics......Page 27 1 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design......Page 28 1–1 Design......Page 29 1–3 Phases and Interactions of the Design Process......Page 30 1–4 Design Tools and Resources......Page 33 1–5 The Design Engineer’s Professional Responsibilities......Page 35 1–7 Economics......Page 37 1–9 Stress and Strength......Page 40 1–10 Uncertainty......Page 41 1–11 Design Factor and Factor of Safety......Page 42 1–12 Reliability......Page 43 1–13 Dimensions and Tolerances......Page 44 1–14 Units......Page 46 1–15 Calculations and Significant Figures......Page 47 1–16 Design Topic Interdependencies......Page 48 1–17 Power Transmission Case Study Specifications......Page 49 Problems......Page 51 2 Materials......Page 56 2–1 Material Strength and Stiffness......Page 57 2–2 The Statistical Significance of Material Properties......Page 61 2–3 Strength and Cold Work......Page 63 2–4 Hardness......Page 66 2–5 Impact Properties......Page 67 2–6 Temperature Effects......Page 68 2–7 Numbering Systems......Page 70 2–8 Sand Casting......Page 71 2–12 Hot-Working Processes......Page 72 2–13 Cold-Working Processes......Page 73 2–14 The Heat Treatment of Steel......Page 74 2–15 Alloy Steels......Page 77 2–16 Corrosion-Resistant Steels......Page 78 2–17 Casting Materials......Page 79 2–18 Nonferrous Metals......Page 80 2–19 Plastics......Page 83 2–20 Composite Materials......Page 85 2–21 Materials Selection......Page 86 Problems......Page 92 3 Load and Stress Analysis......Page 96 3–1 Equilibrium and Free-Body Diagrams......Page 97 3–2 Shear Force and Bending Moments in Beams......Page 100 3–3 Singularity Functions......Page 102 3–5 Cartesian Stress Components......Page 104 3–6 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress......Page 105 3–7 General Three-Dimensional Stress......Page 111 3–8 Elastic Strain......Page 112 3–9 Uniformly Distributed Stresses......Page 113 3–10 Normal Stresses for Beams in Bending......Page 114 3–11 Shear Stresses for Beams in Bending......Page 119 3–12 Torsion......Page 126 3–13 Stress Concentration......Page 135 3–14 Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders......Page 138 3–15 Stresses in Rotating Rings......Page 140 3–16 Press and Shrink Fits......Page 141 3–17 Temperature Effects......Page 142 3–18 Curved Beams in Bending......Page 143 3–19 Contact Stresses......Page 147 3–20 Summary......Page 151 Problems......Page 152 4 Deflection and Stiffness......Page 172 4–1 Spring Rates......Page 173 4–2 Tension, Compression, and Torsion......Page 174 4–3 Deflection Due to Bending......Page 175 4–4 Beam Deflection Methods......Page 177 4–5 Beam Deflections by Superposition......Page 178 4–6 Beam Deflections by Singularity Functions......Page 181 4–7 Strain Energy......Page 187 4–8 Castigliano’s Theorem......Page 189 4–9 Deflection of Curved Members......Page 194 4–10 Statically Indeterminate Problems......Page 200 4–12 Long Columns with Central Loading......Page 206 4–14 Columns with Eccentric Loading......Page 209 4–15 Struts or Short Compression Members......Page 213 4–16 Elastic Stability......Page 215 4–17 Shock and Impact......Page 216 Problems......Page 217 Part 2 Failure Prevention......Page 237 5 Failures Resulting from Static Loading......Page 238 5–1 Static Strength......Page 241 5–2 Stress Concentration......Page 242 5–4 Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory for Ductile Materials......Page 244 5–5 Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile Materials......Page 246 5–6 Coulomb-Mohr Theory for Ductile Materials......Page 253 5–7 Failure of Ductile Materials Summary......Page 256 5–9 Modifications of the Mohr Theory for Brittle Materials......Page 260 5–11 Selection of Failure Criteria......Page 263 5–12 Introduction to Fracture Mechanics......Page 264 5–13 Stochastic Analysis......Page 273 5–14 Important Design Equations......Page 279 Problems......Page 281 6 Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading......Page 290 6–1 Introduction to Fatigue in Metals......Page 291 6–2 Approach to Fatigue Failure in Analysis and Design......Page 297 6–4 The Stress-Life Method......Page 298 6–5 The Strain-Life Method......Page 301 6–6 The Linear-Elastic Fracture Mechanics Method......Page 303 6–7 The Endurance Limit......Page 307 6–8 Fatigue Strength......Page 308 6–9 Endurance Limit Modifying Factors......Page 311 6–10 Stress Concentration and Notch Sensitivity......Page 320 6–11 Characterizing Fluctuating Stresses......Page 325 6–12 Fatigue Failure Criteria for Fluctuating Stress......Page 328 6–14 Combinations of Loading Modes......Page 342 6–15 Varying, Fluctuating Stresses; Cumulative Fatigue Damage......Page 346 6–16 Surface Fatigue Strength......Page 352 6–17 Stochastic Analysis......Page 355 6–18 Road Maps and Important Design Equations for the Stress-Life Method......Page 369 Problems......Page 373 Part 3 Design of Mechanical Elements......Page 383 7 Shafts and Shaft Components......Page 384 7–2 Shaft Materials......Page 385 7–3 Shaft Layout......Page 386 7–4 Shaft Design for Stress......Page 391 7–5 Deflection Considerations......Page 404 7–6 Critical Speeds for Shafts......Page 408 7–7 Miscellaneous Shaft Components......Page 413 7–8 Limits and Fits......Page 420 Problems......Page 425 8 Screws, Fasteners, and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints......Page 434 8–1 Thread Standards and Definitions......Page 435 8–2 The Mechanics of Power Screws......Page 439 8–3 Threaded Fasteners......Page 447 8–4 Joints—Fastener Stiffness......Page 449 8–5 Joints—Member Stiffness......Page 452 8–6 Bolt Strength......Page 457 8–7 Tension Joints—The External Load......Page 460 8–8 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension......Page 462 8–9 Statically Loaded Tension Joint with Preload......Page 465 8–11 Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints......Page 469 8–12 Bolted and Riveted Joints Loaded in Shear......Page 476 Problems......Page 484 9 Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints......Page 500 9–1 Welding Symbols......Page 501 9–2 Butt and Fillet Welds......Page 503 9–3 Stresses in Welded Joints in Torsion......Page 507 9–4 Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending......Page 512 9–5 The Strength of Welded Joints......Page 514 9–6 Static Loading......Page 517 9–7 Fatigue Loading......Page 521 9–9 Adhesive Bonding......Page 523 Problems......Page 532 10 Mechanical Springs......Page 542 10–1 Stresses in Helical Springs......Page 543 10–2 The Curvature Effect......Page 544 10–4 Compression Springs......Page 545 10–5 Stability......Page 547 10–6 Spring Materials......Page 548 10–7 Helical Compression Spring Design for Static Service......Page 553 10–8 Critical Frequency of Helical Springs......Page 559 10–9 Fatigue Loading of Helical Compression Springs......Page 561 10–10 Helical Compression Spring Design for Fatigue Loading......Page 564 10–11 Extension Springs......Page 567 10–12 Helical Coil Torsion Springs......Page 575 10–13 Belleville Springs......Page 582 10–14 Miscellaneous Springs......Page 583 Problems......Page 585 11 Rolling-Contact Bearings......Page 594 11–1 Bearing Types......Page 595 11–2 Bearing Life......Page 598 11–3 Bearing Load Life at Rated Reliability......Page 599 11–4 Bearing Survival: Reliability versus Life......Page 601 11–5 Relating Load, Life, and Reliability......Page 602 11–6 Combined Radial and Thrust Loading......Page 604 11–7 Variable Loading......Page 609 11–8 Selection of Ball and Cylindrical Roller Bearings......Page 613 11–9 Selection of Tapered Roller Bearings......Page 615 11–10 Design Assessment for Selected Rolling-Contact Bearings......Page 624 11–11 Lubrication......Page 628 11–12 Mounting and Enclosure......Page 629 Problems......Page 633 12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings......Page 642 12–1 Types of Lubrication......Page 643 12–2 Viscosity......Page 644 12–3 Petroff’s Equation......Page 646 12–4 Stable Lubrication......Page 648 12–5 Thick-Film Lubrication......Page 649 12–6 Hydrodynamic Theory......Page 650 12–7 Design Considerations......Page 654 12–8 The Relations of the Variables......Page 656 12–9 Steady-State Conditions in Self-Contained Bearings......Page 670 12–10 Clearance......Page 673 12–11 Pressure-Fed Bearings......Page 675 12–12 Loads and Materials......Page 681 12–13 Bearing Types......Page 683 12–14 Thrust Bearings......Page 684 12–15 Boundary-Lubricated Bearings......Page 685 Problems......Page 694 13 Gears—General......Page 698 13–1 Types of Gear......Page 699 13–2 Nomenclature......Page 700 13–3 Conjugate Action......Page 702 13–5 Fundamentals......Page 703 13–6 Contact Ratio......Page 709 13–7 Interference......Page 710 13–8 The Forming of Gear Teeth......Page 712 13–9 Straight Bevel Gears......Page 715 13–10 Parallel Helical Gears......Page 716 13–11 Worm Gears......Page 720 13–12 Tooth Systems......Page 721 13–13 Gear Trains......Page 723 13–14 Force Analysis—Spur Gearing......Page 730 13–15 Force Analysis—Bevel Gearing......Page 734 13–16 Force Analysis—Helical Gearing......Page 737 13–17 Force Analysis—Worm Gearing......Page 739 Problems......Page 745 14 Spur and Helical Gears......Page 758 14–1 The Lewis Bending Equation......Page 759 14–2 Surface Durability......Page 768 14–3 AGMA Stress Equations......Page 770 14–4 AGMA Strength Equations......Page 772 14–5 Geometry Factors I and J (Z[sub(I)] and Y[sub(j)])......Page 776 14–7 Dynamic Factor K[sub(v)]......Page 781 14–9 Surface Condition Factor C[sub(f)] (Z[sub(R)])......Page 783 14–11 Load-Distribution Factor K[sub(m)] (K[sub(H)])......Page 784 14–12 Hardness-Ratio Factor C[sub(H)]......Page 786 14–13 Stress Cycle Life Factors Y[sub(N)] and Z[sub(N)]......Page 787 14–14 Reliability Factor K[sub(R) (Y[sub(Z)])......Page 788 14–16 Rim-Thickness Factor K[sub(B)]......Page 789 14–18 Analysis......Page 790 14–19 Design of a Gear Mesh......Page 800 Problems......Page 805 15 Bevel and Worm Gears......Page 810 15–1 Bevel Gearing—General......Page 811 15–2 Bevel-Gear Stresses and Strengths......Page 813 15–3 AGMA Equation Factors......Page 816 15–4 Straight-Bevel Gear Analysis......Page 828 15–5 Design of a Straight-Bevel Gear Mesh......Page 831 15–6 Worm Gearing—AGMA Equation......Page 834 15–7 Worm-Gear Analysis......Page 838 15–8 Designing a Worm-Gear Mesh......Page 842 15–9 Buckingham Wear Load......Page 845 Problems......Page 846 16 Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels......Page 850 16–1 Static Analysis of Clutches and Brakes......Page 852 16–2 Internal Expanding Rim Clutches and Brakes......Page 857 16–3 External Contracting Rim Clutches and Brakes......Page 865 16–4 Band-Type Clutches and Brakes......Page 869 16–5 Frictional-Contact Axial Clutches......Page 870 16–6 Disk Brakes......Page 874 16–7 Cone Clutches and Brakes......Page 878 16–8 Energy Considerations......Page 881 16–9 Temperature Rise......Page 882 16–10 Friction Materials......Page 886 16–11 Miscellaneous Clutches and Couplings......Page 889 16–12 Flywheels......Page 891 Problems......Page 896 17 Flexible Mechanical Elements......Page 904 17–1 Belts......Page 905 17–2 Flat- and Round-Belt Drives......Page 908 17–3 V Belts......Page 923 17–4 Timing Belts......Page 931 17–5 Roller Chain......Page 932 17–6 Wire Rope......Page 941 17–7 Flexible Shafts......Page 949 Problems......Page 950 18 Power Transmission Case Study......Page 958 18–1 Design Sequence for Power Transmission......Page 960 18–3 Gear Specification......Page 961 18–4 Shaft Layout......Page 968 18–6 Shaft Material Selection......Page 970 18–8 Shaft Design for Deflection......Page 971 18–9 Bearing Selection......Page 972 18–11 Key and Retaining Ring Selection......Page 973 Problems......Page 976 Part 4 Analysis Tools......Page 977 19 Finite-Element Analysis......Page 978 19–1 The Finite-Element Method......Page 980 19–2 Element Geometries......Page 982 19–3 The Finite-Element Solution Process......Page 984 19–4 Mesh Generation......Page 987 19–5 Load Application......Page 989 19–6 Boundary Conditions......Page 990 19–7 Modeling Techniques......Page 991 19–9 Critical Buckling Load......Page 994 19–10 Vibration Analysis......Page 996 19–11 Summary......Page 997 Problems......Page 999 20 Statistical Considerations......Page 1002 20–1 Random Variables......Page 1003 20–2 Arithmetic Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation......Page 1005 20–3 Probability Distributions......Page 1010 20–4 Propagation of Error......Page 1017 20–5 Linear Regression......Page 1019 Problems......Page 1022 A: Useful Tables......Page 1028 B: Answers to Selected Problems......Page 1084 Index......Page 1090