Radiology for PET/CT reporting.

This atlas is intended to enable nuclear medicine practitioners who routinely read PET/CT scans to recognize the most common CT abnormalities. Reading PET/CT scans can sometimes be challenging. It is not infrequent, in fact, to encounter abnormal findings in CT images (not related to the neoplastic disease under evaluation) that are functionally silent and therefore difficult to interpret for nuclear medicine practitioners. Frequently, these findings are clinically relevant and should be reported, interpreted and compared to previous scans. This may also have an impact on patient management, since expensive tests like PET/CT are expected to provide the highest level of diagnostic information. Generally, CT images associated with a PET scan are acquired in a low-dose modality, and therefore prove to be sub-optimal for CT image interpretation. Sometimes a comparison with a full-resolution and contrast-enhanced CT atlas may be difficult. Low-dose CT slices are thicker than diagnostic CT and offer less anatomical detail, which can affect accuracy in terms of recognizing both anatomical structures and pathological findings. Today it is becoming increasingly common to acquire a standard PET/CT by combining the administration of contrast media and a diagnostic CT; here, too, basic CT reporting skills are needed in clinical practice. This atlas features a chapter on “normal anatomy” (with and without contrast media) that is based on low-dose and full-dose CT images from PET/CT standard acquisition, and which identifies all the relevant anatomical structures. Other chapters (focusing on the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and musculoskeletal system) present cases with common and uncommon anatomical abnormalities. The addition of new cases with ceCT in this revised second edition rounds out the coverage of PET/CT reporting. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and oncologists alike. Preface Contents 1: Normal Anatomy Normal Anatomy Low Dose Non Contrast Enhanced CT Normal Anatomy Full Dose Contrast Enhanced CT 2: Head and Neck Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Respiratory Mucosa Subcutaneous Emphysema 3: Thorax Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) Right Superior Lobectomy Scarring Pneumothorax Bronchiectasis Mycotic Lung Infection Para-Aortic Arch Abscess Postsurgical Lung Changes Peribronchial Inflammation Asbestosis Pleural Plaques Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Klebsiella Pneumonia Pulmonary Hypertension Paraseptal Emphysema Centrilobular Emphysema Silicosis Lung Mosaic Attenuation Irregular Interstitial Thickening Fibrothorax Pulmonary Hamartoma Radiation Pneumonitis Miliary Pulmonary Tuberculosis Accessory Azygos Lobe Respiratory Bronchiolitis Pulmonary Lymphoma Lung Cancer Pleural Mesothelioma Lung Metastases Carcinomatous Lymphangitis Lung Metastases in Colon Cancer Left Pulmonary Artery Angiosarcoma Miliary Pulmonary Metastases Carcinomatous Mastitis Lobular Breast Carcinoma Aorta Disease in Marfan Syndrome Thymoma Emphysematous Bulla Ground Glass Breast Cancer Atelectasis Acinar Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Thoracic Artery Aneurysm Lung Fibrosis 4: Abdomen Renal Ectopia or Ectopic Kidney Renal Stone Polycystic Kidneys Bosniak Classification of Renal Cysts Renal Cancer Oncocytoma Lymphoma of the Kidney Hepatic Cysts Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) Hepatic Hemangioma Metastatic Hepatocarcinoma Aerobilia Ascites Sclerosing Cholangitis Lung Cancer Adrenal Metastasis Adrenal Adenoma in Lung Cancer Patient Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Vascular Calcifications Corda Coli Splenic Hematoma Cholecystitis Diverticular Disease Hiatal Hernia Linitis Plastica Omental Cake 5: Pelvis Endometrial Carcinoma Groin Lymphadenopathy Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary Scrotal Herniation Bartholin Gland Cyst Lymphocele Calcifying Fibroma 6: Musculoskeletal Osteoporotic Fractures of the Pelvis Osteoid Osteoma Lipoma Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH) Vertebral Collapse Spina Bifida Vacuum Sign Spondylodiscitis Hip Infection Intraspongy Hernia Spine Hemangioma Hip Joint Osteoarthritis Sternal Plasmacytoma Multiple Myeloma Lytic Lesion of the Sacrum Schwannoma Neoplastic Skin Necrosis Metastatic Hepatocarcinoma Lymphoma of the Knee Septic Arthritis of the Knee