Nanoporous materials : types, properties, and uses

Nanoporous materials consist of a regular organic or inorganic framework supporting a porous structure. Nanoporous materials are separated into three subtypes: microporous materials, mesoporous materials and macroporous materials. In recent years, nanoporous materials have been recognized as promising candidates for the multifunctional applications such as catalysis, ion-exchange, gas storage low density magnetic storage, etc. In addition, nanoporous materials are also of scientific and technological importance because of their ability to absorb and cooperate with atoms, ions and molecules on their sizeable interior surfaces and pore space. This new book proposes and reviews advances being made in the field of nanoporous materials. Title page......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 1. Introduction......Page 16 2. Experimental Technique and Results......Page 20 3.1. Formulation of the Problem......Page 28 3.2. Basic Equations......Page 31 3.3. Kinetics of Infiltration for Slow Variation of Pressure......Page 35 3.4. Kinetics of Infiltration under a Fast Variation of Pressure......Page 37 3.5. Oscillating Modes of Infiltration......Page 45 3.6. Physical Pattern of Infiltration of a Nonwetting Liquid into a Porous Media......Page 49 4. Discussion of Results and Comparison with Experiment......Page 52 References......Page 57 1. Introduction......Page 60 2. The Model of a Porous Medium. Infiltration Fluctuations......Page 63 3. Work and Thermal Effect in the Infiltration-Defiltration Cycle......Page 66 4. Conditions for the Closed Cycle......Page 71 5. Temperature Dependences of the Infiltration and Defiltration Pressures......Page 74 6. Thermal Effect......Page 81 7. Conclusions......Page 83 References......Page 84 Abstract......Page 88 1. Introduction......Page 89 2.1. Synthesis and Properties......Page 90 2.2. Biocompatibility of Mesoporous Silica Materials......Page 97 2.3 1. Bioactivity......Page 99 2.3.2. Mesoporous Bioglasses......Page 101 2.3.3. Mesoporous Bioglasses Microspheres......Page 106 2.4. Silica Based Mesoporous Materials as Drug Delivery Systems......Page 108 2.4.1. Drug Loading in Mesoporous Materials......Page 109 2.4.2. Drug Release Profiles and Release Kinetics......Page 110 2.4.3. Drug Delivery Systems In Bone Tissue Engineering......Page 112 Based Materials......Page 115 2.4.4.1. Pore diameter......Page 116 2.4.4.2. Surface Area......Page 118 2.4.4.4. Surface Functionalization......Page 119 2.4.4.4.1. Functionalization Using Amino Groups......Page 122 2.4.4.4.2. Functionalization Using Hydrophobic Groups......Page 124 2.4.5. Mesoporous Materials as Protein Delivery Systems......Page 126 2.4.6. Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Systems......Page 128 2.4.7. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems......Page 129 3.1. Fabrication and Properties......Page 131 3.2. Biocompatibility......Page 134 3.3.1. Bone Implants......Page 139 3.3.2. Coronary Stents Implants......Page 142 3.3.3. Biocapsules for Immunoissolation......Page 143 4.1. Fabrication and Properties......Page 145 4.2. Biocompatibility......Page 148 4.3.1. Therapeutic Bone and Stent Implants......Page 154 4.3.2. Stimuli-Responsive Therapeutic Systems......Page 157 5. Conclusion......Page 160 References......Page 161 1.1. Scope......Page 178 1.2. Overview......Page 179 1.3. Objectives......Page 181 2. Inner Surface Energy of Nanocavity......Page 182 3.1. Shrinkage and Local Hardening......Page 185 3.2. The Nonlinear Shrinkage Induced by Thermal Activation......Page 187 3.3. Melting and Superheating......Page 192 3.4.1. Nucleation thermodynamics in nanocavities......Page 195 3.4.2. Diffusion kinetics......Page 198 4. Concluding Remarks......Page 200 References......Page 201 Introduction......Page 206 Ti Micro-Arc Oxidation: An Overview......Page 208 Formation of Pure Porous Tio2 PEO Films......Page 212 Unsaturated Tio Layers in PEO Films......Page 216 Conclusion......Page 222 References......Page 223 Abstract......Page 226 Introduction......Page 227 A. Clay Mineral Structure......Page 228 -Al2O3 porous materials......Page 229 Porous SiO2......Page 231 Nanoporous silica from talc......Page 233 Nanoporous silica from pyrophyllite......Page 236 D. Nanoporous Silica from Montmorillonite......Page 238 Porous silica from phlogopite......Page 240 Porous silica from vermiculite......Page 241 References......Page 244 1. Introduction......Page 248 2.1.1. Magnetism of nanoporous materials with crystalline structure......Page 250 B. Antiferromagnetic Materials......Page 251 C. Ferrimagnetic and Metamagnetic Materials......Page 252 3. Conclusion and Perspectives......Page 253 References......Page 254 Abstract......Page 258 2. Experimental Details......Page 259 3.1. Structure and Surface Properties......Page 261 3.2. Wetting and Optical Behavior......Page 263 3.3. Nanoindentation Response......Page 264 3.4. Microhardness Test......Page 265 4. Finite Element Analysis of Indentation......Page 270 References......Page 273 Abstract......Page 276 Fabrication of QMPS (or QMS)......Page 277 (a) Low porosity PS formation by electrochemical anodization......Page 278 Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of QMPS......Page 279 Theoretical Modeling......Page 284 References......Page 285 Abstract......Page 288 I. Introduction......Page 289 II.1. Hollow Nanoparticles......Page 290 II.2. Dendrimers......Page 291 II.3. Star-Shape Polymers......Page 295 II.4. Hyperbranched Polymers......Page 298 II.5. Crosslinked Polymer Nanoparticles......Page 299 II.6. Core-corona Polymer Nanoparticles......Page 300 II.7. Linear Polymers......Page 301 II.8. Cage Supramolecules......Page 302 II.10. Hybrid Copolymers......Page 304 III.1. GIXS......Page 307 III.2. Transmission Radiation Scattering......Page 315 III.3. Microscopy......Page 316 III.4. Porosimetry......Page 317 III.5. Spectroscopy......Page 318 III.6. Comparitive Studies of Characterization of Pore Structure......Page 319 IV. Conclusions......Page 320 References......Page 321 Abstract......Page 330 1.1. Overview......Page 331 2. Forming Mechanisms......Page 332 3. Perpendicular-Electric-Field-Assisted Method......Page 335 4. Illumination-Assisted Method......Page 336 5. Hall-Effect-Assisted Method......Page 338 6. Buried-P-Layer-Assisted Method......Page 343 7. Lateral-Electric-Field Method......Page 346 8.1. Illumination-Assisted Method with Buried-P-Layer-Assisted Method......Page 350 8.2. Hall-Effect-Assisted Method with Perpendicular-Electrical-Field Method......Page 356 9. Supercritical-Fluid Method for Metal-Semiconductor Contact......Page 361 10. Conclusions......Page 366 References......Page 367 Index......Page 370