Medicine-Based Informatics and Engineering (Lecture Notes in Bioengineering)

This book originates from the idea to adapt biomedical engineering and medical informatics to current clinical needs and proposes a paradigm shift in medical engineering, where the limitations of technology should no longer be the starting point of design, but rather the development of biomedical devices, software, and systems should stem from clinical needs and wishes. Gathering chapters written by authoritative researchers, working the interface between medicine and engineering, this book presents successful attempts of conceiving technology based on clinical practice. It reports on new strategies for medical diagnosis, rehabilitation, and eHealth, focusing on solutions to foster better quality of life through technology, with an emphasis on patients’ and clinical needs, and vulnerable populations. All in all, the book offers a reference guide and a source of inspiration for biomedical engineers, clinical scientists, physicians, and computer scientists. Yet, it also includes practical information for personnel using biomedical equipment, as well as timely insights that are expected to help health agencies and software firms in their decision-making processes. Preface Editors, Contributors and Co-authors About the Editors Contributors Co-authors of Chapters Acknowledgements Contents 1 Medicine Based Engineering and Informatics to Foster Patient Physician Relationship Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Medical Problems Trigger Development of Original Equipment and Software 2.1 Poor Follow Up, Maternal and Perinatal Mortality: SIP and SEPEPE Developed 2.2 Cardiac Failure Patients Lost to Follow Up: SIMIC Developed 2.3 Risk of Lower Limb Lesions During Rehabilitation: DINABANG Developed 3 Technology Introduced in Medicine for the Sake of Technology 3.1 Enter Computer Science 3.2 Medical Reasoning is Not Stock Management 4 Technology Used from a Medical Perspective 4.1 Intra-Abdominal Hypertension Reduction Device ABDOPRE 4.2 Medical Informatics to Follow Medical Reasoning: PRAXIS 4.3 Polycystic Kidney Volume Measurement: NEFROVOL 5 Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics 6 Technology Transfer 7 Conclusion References 2 Statistical Gait Analysis Based on Surface Electromyography Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Statistical Gait Analysis 3 Principal and Secondary Activations 4 Muscle Synergies 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 3 Brain-Computer Interfaces with Functional Electrical Stimulation for Motor Neurorehabilitation: From Research to Clinical Practice Abstract 1 Introduction 2 ERD Characterization in Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis 3 BCI-FES for Motor Function Recovery in Stroke 4 BCI-FES for Gait Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis 5 Conclusion References 4 Biopotential Acquisition Systems Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Biopotential Measurement Systems 2.1 Basic Elements 2.2 Modeling the Analog Front-End 2.3 Connection to the Body: The Subtleties of “Ground” 3 Interconnected Data Management and Biopotential Acquisition 3.1 The Road to and Challenges of New Devices 3.2 Characterization of Biopotentials with Application-Oriented Criteria 3.2.1 Dynamic Range 3.2.2 Frequency Range 3.3 Connectivity Alternatives 4 Challenges to Biopotential Acquisition Circuits 4.1 Electromagnetic Interference 4.2 High Common-Mode Impedance 4.3 Motion Artifacts 4.4 About Some Biopotential Amplifiers’ Myths 5 Biopotential Measurement Systems Outlook Acknowledgements References 5 Wearable Bioimpedance Measuring Devices Abstract 1 Wearable Devices: Basic Concepts 2 BIA Technology: Definitions and Concepts 3 Medical Applications 3.1 Monitoring Breathing Profile 3.2 Cardiac Pulse Monitoring and Characterization 3.3 Glucose Measurement 3.4 Hydration Level Estimation 3.5 Knee Joint Healthcare References 6 Predictive Cardiovascular Engineering: Transforming Data into Future Insights on Cardiovascular Disease Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Modeling Arterial Biomechanics 2.1 Muscle Arrangements of Smart Springs-Dashpots 2.2 Viscoelastic Mapping of the Arterial Wall and in Silico Models 2.3 Cryopreservation Studies 2.4 Endothelial Dynamics 3 Applied Non-Linear Dynamics 3.1 Application of Fractional Models 3.2 Complexity of the Arterial Tree: Analysis of Pressure Waveforms 3.3 Modeling Blood Pressure Using Solitons 4 From the Laboratory Bench to Bedside 4.1 Vascular Age 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 7 Engineering Special Medical Devices for Vulnerable Groups Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project 1. A Perfusion System Prototype for Human Placental Cotyledon 2.1 Clinical Problem 2.2 Perfusion System 2.3 Fetal Circuit Diameter Modifications 2.4 Results 2.5 Conclusion 3 Project 2. A Computational Tool for the Prognosis of the Rehabilitation of Patients with Cleft Palate 3.1 Clinical Problem 3.2 Methodology for Rehabilitation Prognosis 3.3 Mathematical Model 3.4 Computational Tool Design 3.5 Results 3.6 Conclusion References 8 Serious Games and Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation and Follow up of Wheelchaired Persons Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Development 4 Results 5 Conclusions References 9 Society 5.0 and a Human Centred Health Care Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Key Challenges 3 Towards Personalized Medicine: Hopes and Challenges 4 Person-Centred Care in the Age of Technology 5 The Clinical Gaze 6 The Role of Technology in Healthcare 5.0 7 Pathways to More Integrative Solutions 8 Biomedical Devices and Apps in Health Systems: An Upstream Perspective from Australia 8.1 The Power, Promise and Problems with Informatics 8.2 Does the Benefit of the Technological Revolution Outweigh the Cost? 8.3 What’s in a Name? Misnomers, Malapropisms and Misunderstandings 8.4 Moving Upstream from Repair Shops 9 Conclusions References 10 Clinical Practice, Patient-Physician Relationship and Computers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Patient Physician Relationship 3 Complementarity of Patient and Physician 4 What is Essential is Invisible to the Biological Eye 5 Introduction of Computers 6 Conclusion References 11 Interdisciplinary Collaboration Within Medicine-Based Informatics and Engineering for Societal Impact Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Interdisciplinarity and STEMM Disciplines 3 Opportunities for Medicine Within STEMM 4 The Núcleo de Ingeniería Biomédica: A Fertile Landscape for Interdisciplinary Encounters 5 Conclusions References