Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (7th Edition)

The integration of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, control and computer engineering - Mechatronics - lies at the heart of the innumerable gadgets, processes and technology that makes modern life would seem impossible. From auto-focus cameras to car engine management systems, and from state-of-the-art robots to the humble washing machine, Mechatronics has a hand in them all. This book presents a clear and comprehensive introduction to the area. Practical and applied, it helps you to acquire the mix of skills you will need to comprehend and design mechatronic systems. It also goes much deeper, explaining the very philosophy of mechatronics, and, in so doing, provides you with a frame of understanding to develop a truly interdisciplinary and integrated approach to engineering. This 7th edition has been updated throughout with new sections and examples throughout: Updated coverage of mechatronic system components, including extended coverage of encoders, position sensitive detectors and force sensitive resistors New material on Atmega microcontrollers including applications and programming examples Topical discussion and examples of fuzzy logic and neural control systems Applications and case studies have been revised across the book, with fascinating examples including automated guided vehicles, artificial hands, fuzzy logic washing machines, to help you to gain a modern and practical understanding Mechatronics is essential reading for students requiring an introduction to this exciting area at undergraduate and higher diploma level. Bill Bolton was formerly Consultant to the Further Education Unit and Head of Research and Development and Monitoring at the Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC). He has also been a UNESCO consultant and is the author of many successful engineering textbooks. Front Cover Half-Title page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Part I: Introduction Chapter one: Introducing mechatronics Objectives 1.1 What is mechatronics? 1.2 The design process 1.3 Systems 1.4 Measurement systems 1.5 Control systems 1.6 Programmable logic controller 1.7 Examples of mechatronic systems Summary Problems Part II: Sensors and signal conditioning Chapter two: Sensors and transducers Objectives 2.1 Sensors and transducers 2.2 Performance terminology 2.3 Displacement, position and proximity 2.4 Velocity and motion 2.5 Force 2.6 Fluid pressure 2.7 Liquid flow 2.8 Liquid level 2.9 Temperature 2.10 Light sensors 2.11 Selection of sensors 2.12 Inputting data by switches Summary Problems Chapter three: Signal conditioning objectives 3.1 Signal conditioning 3.2 The operational amplifier 3.3 Protection 3.4 Filtering 3.5 Wheatstone bridge 3.6 Pulse modulation 3.7 Problems with signals 3.8 Power transfer Summary Problems Chapter four: Digital signals objectives 4.1 Digital signals 4.2 Analogue and digital signals 4.3 Digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digitalconverters 4.4 Multiplexers 4.5 Data acquisition 4.6 Digital signal processing 4.7 Digital signal communications Summary Problems Chapter five: Digital logic objectives 5.1 Digital logic 5.2 Logic gates 5.3 Applications of logic gates 5.4 Sequential logic Summary Problems Chapter six: Data presentation systems objectives 6.1 Displays 6.2 Data presentation elements 6.3 Magnetic recording 6.4 Optical recording 6.5 Displays 6.6 Data acquisition systems 6.7 Measurement systems 6.8 Testing and calibration Summary Problems Part III: Actuation Chapter seven: Pneumatic and hydraulic actuationsystems objectives 7.1 Actuation systems 7.2 Pneumatic and hydraulic systems 7.3 Directional control valves 7.4 Pressure control valves 7.5 Cylinders 7.6 Servo and proportional control valves 7.7 Process control valves Summary Problems Chapter eight: Mechanical actuation systems objectives 8.1 Mechanical systems 8.2 Types of motion 8.3 Kinematic chains 8.4 Cams 8.5 Gears 8.6 Ratchet and pawl 8.7 Belt and chain drives 8.8 Bearings 8.9 Electromechanical linear actuators Summary Problems Chapter nine: Electrical actuation systems objectives 9.1 Electrical systems 9.2 Mechanical switches 9.3 Solid-state switches 9.4 Solenoids 9.5 Direct current motors 9.6 Alternating current motors 9.7 Stepper motors 9.8 Direct current servomotors 9.9 Motor selection Summary Problems Part IV: Microprocessor systems Chapter ten: Microprocessors and microcontrollers objectives 10.1 Control 10.2 Microprocessor systems 10.3 Microcontrollers 10.4 Applications 10.5 Programming Summary Problems Chapter eleven: Assembly language objectives 11.1 Languages 11.2 Assembly language programs 11.3 Instruction sets 11.4 Subroutines 11.5 Look-up tables 11.6 Embedded systems Summary Problems Chapter twelve: C language objectives 12.1 Why C? 12.2 Program structure 12.3 Branches and loops 12.4 Arrays 12.5 Pointers 12.6 Program development 12.7 Examples of programs 12.8 Arduino programs Summary Problems Chapter thirteen: Input/output systems objectives 13.1 Interfacing 13.2 Input/output addressing 13.3 Interface requirements 13.4 Peripheral interface adapters 13.5 Serial communications interface 13.6 Examples of interfacing Summary Problems Chapter fourteen: Programmable logic controllers objectives 14.1 Programmable logic controller 14.2 Basic PLC structure 14.3 Input/output processing 14.4 Ladder programming 14.5 Instruction lists 14.6 Latching and internal relays 14.7 Sequencing 14.8 Timers and counters 14.9 Shift registers 14.10 Master and jump controls 14.11 Data handling 14.12 Analogue input/output Summary Problems Chapter fifteen: Communication systems objectives 15.1 Digital communications 15.2 Centralised, hierarchical and distributedcontrol 15.3 Networks 15.4 Protocols 15.5 Open Systems Interconnection communicationmodel 15.6 Serial communication interfaces 15.7 Parallel communication interfaces 15.8 Wireless communications Summary Problems Chapter sixteen: Fault finding objectives 16.1 Fault-detection techniques 16.2 Watchdog timer 16.3 Parity and error coding checks 16.4 Common hardware faults 16.5 Microprocessor systems 16.6 Evaluation and simulation 16.7 PLC systems Summary Problems Part V: System models Chapter Seventeen: Basic system models objectives 17.1 Mathematical models 17.2 Mechanical system building blocks 17.3 Electrical system building blocks 17.4 Fluid system building blocks 17.5 Thermal system building blocks Summary Problems Chapter Eighteen: Engineering systems objectives 18.1 Engineering systems 18.2 Rotational–translational systems 18.3 Electromechanical systems 18.4 Linearity 18.5 Hydraulic–mechanical systems Summary Problems Chapter nineteen: Dynamic responses of systems objectives 19.1 Modelling dynamic systems 19.2 Terminology 19.3 First-order systems 19.4 Second-order systems 19.5 Performance measures for second-order systems 19.6 System identification Summary Problems Chapter twenty: System transfer functions objectives 20.1 The transfer function 20.2 First-order systems 20.3 Second-order systems 20.4 Systems in series 20.5 Systems with feedback loops 20.6 Effect of pole location on transient response Summary Problems Chapter twenty-one: Frequency response objectives 21.1 Sinusoidal input 21.2 Phasors 21.3 Frequency response 21.4 Bode plots 21.5 Performance specifications 21.6 Stability Summary Problems Chapter twenty- two: Closed-loop controllers Objectives 22.1 Control processes 22.2 Two-step or on/off mode 22.3 Proportional mode of control 22.4 Integral mode of control 22.5 Derivative mode of control 22.6 PID controller 22.7 Digital control systems 22.8 Controller tuning 22.9 Velocity control 22.10 Adaptive control Summary Problems Chapter twenty-three: Artificial intelligence objectives 23.1 What is meant by artificial intelligence 23.2 Perception and cognition 23.3 Fuzzy logic Summary Problems Part VI. Conclusion Chapter twenty-four: Mechatronic systems objectives 24.1 Mechatronic designs 24.2 Robotics 24.3 Case studies Summary Problems Research assignments Design assignments Appendices Appendix A: The Laplace transform A.1 The Laplace transform A.2 Unit steps and impulses A.3 Standard Laplace transforms A.4 The inverse transform Problems Appendix B: Number systems B.1 Number systems B.2 Binary mathematics B.3 Floating numbers B.4 Gray code Problems Appendix C: Boolean algebra C.1 Laws of Boolean algebra C.2 De Morgan’s laws C.3 Boolean function generation from truth tables C.4 Karnaugh maps Problems Answers Index Back Cover "The integration of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, control and computer engineering - Mechatronics - lies at the heart of the innumerable gadgets, processes and technology that makes modern life would seem impossible. From auto-focus cameras to car engine management systems, and from state-of-the-art robots to the humble washing machine, Mechatronics has a hand in them all. This book presents a clear and comprehensive introduction to the area. Practical and applied, it helps you to acquire the mix of skills you will need to comprehend and design mechatronic systems. It also goes much deeper, explaining the very philosophy of mechatronics, and, in so doing, provides you with a frame of understanding to develop a truly interdisciplinary and integrated approach to engineering. This 7th edition has been updated throughout with new sections and examples throughout: - Updated coverage of mechatronic system components, including extended coverage of encoders, position sensitive detectors and force sensitive resistors - New material on Atmega microcontrollers including applications and programming examples - Topical discussion and examples of fuzzy logic and neural control systems Applications and case studies have been revised across the book, with fascinating examples including automated guided vehicles, artificial hands, fuzzy logic washing machines, to help you to gain a modern and practical understanding Mechatronics is essential reading for students requiring an introduction to this exciting area at undergraduate and higher diploma level"-- Provided by publisher An essential reading for students requiring an introduction to this exciting area at undergraduate and higher diploma level. Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 7th edition by William Bolton is the ideal learning tool to support you develop your skills in mechanical engineering, electronics and computing, and successfully design mechatronics systems. The integration of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, control and computer engineering – Mechatronics – lies at the heart of the innumerable gadgets, processes and technology without which modern life would seem impossible. From auto-focus cameras to car engine management systems, and from state-of-the-art robots to the humble washing machine, Mechatronics has a hand in them all. This new and updated edition goes much deeper into explaining the very philosophy of mechatronics. Key features include: an updated coverage of mechatronic system components, extended coverage of encoders, topical discussion and examples of neural control systems revised case studies across the text Along with fascinating examples including automated guided vehicles, artificial hands, fuzzy logic washing machines, this text will help you to gain a modern and practical understanding of the topic.