Mastering Modern Linux, Second Edition

Praise for the First Edition: * \*"This outstanding book ... gives the reader robust concepts and implementable knowledge of this environment. Graphical user interface (GUI)-based users and developers do not get short shrift, despite the command-line interface's (CLI) full-power treatment. ... Every programmer should read the introduction's Unix/Linux philosophy section. ... This authoritative and exceptionally well-constructed book has my highest recommendation. It will repay careful and recursive study." --Computing Reviews, August 2011 Mastering Modern Linux, Second Edition retains much of the good material from the previous edition, with extensive updates and new topics added. The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to Linux concepts, usage, and programming. The text helps the reader master Linux with a well-selected set of topics, and encourages hands-on practice. The first part of the textbook covers interactive use of Linux via the __Graphical User Interface__ (GUI) and the __Command-Line Interface__ (CLI), including comprehensive treatmentof the Gnome desktop and the Bash Shell. Using different apps, commands and filters, building pipelines, and matching patterns with regular expressions are major focuses. Next comes Bash scripting, file system structure, organization, and usage. The following chapters present networking, the Internet and the Web, data encryption, basic system admin, as well as Web hosting. The Linux Apache MySQL/MariaDB PHP (LAMP) Web hosting combination is also presented in depth. In the last part of the book, attention is turned to C-level programming. Topics covered include the C compiler, preprocessor, debugger, I/O, file manipulation, process control, inter-process communication, and networking. The book includes many examples and complete programs ready to download and run. A summary and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty can be found at the end of each chapter. A companion website (http: //mml.sofpower.com) provides appendices, information updates, an example code package, and other resources for instructors, as well as students. Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 A Linux Primer -- 1.1 What Is an Operating System? -- 1.2 Getting Started: Login and Logout -- Desktop Login -- Starting a Terminal Window -- Remote Login -- 1.3 Understanding the Shell -- Entering Commands -- Trying a Few Commands -- Correcting Typing Mistakes -- Aborting a Command -- 1.4 Exercise A -- 1.5 Using Files and Directories -- Current Working Directory and Filenames -- Handling Files and Directories -- Standard Personal Directories -- 1.6 Protecting Files: Access Control -- The Super User -- Examining the Permission Settings -- Setting Permissions -- 1.7 Exercise B -- 1.8 Text Editing -- 1.9 Getting Hard/Saved Copies -- 1.10 Communicating with Others -- Who's Who on the System: finger -- Email -- 1.11 Browsing the Web -- 1.12 Exercise C -- 1.13 Creating and Running Your Own Program -- Compiling -- 1.14 Exercise D -- 1.15 Consulting Linux Documentation -- 1.16 Exercise E -- 1.17 Rounding Up Useful Commands -- 1.18 Summary -- Chapter 2 The Desktop Environment -- 2.1 DESKTOP OVERVIEW -- 2.2 Desktop Components -- 2.3 The GNOME 3 Desktop -- 2.4 Understanding GUI -- 2.5 Working with the Desktop -- Session Control and System Settings -- Launching Application Programs -- Managing Files -- Multiple Workspaces -- Desktop Appearance -- 2.6 Windows -- The X Window System -- Window Manager -- Window Information -- 2.7 The File Browser -- Navigating the File Tree -- Opening a File or Folder -- Finding Files -- Managing Files and Folders -- Access Control for Files and Folders -- Writing CDs or DVDs -- Changing Your Default File Browser -- 2.8 Terminal Window -- Starting a GNOME Terminal -- Terminal Window and the Shell -- Select, Copy, and Paste -- Web and Email Links -- 2.9 Accessing Help and Documentation -- 2.10 Summary -- 2.11 Exercises. Chapter 3 Interacting with the BASH Shell -- 3.1 Bash -- 3.2 Interacting with Bash -- 3.3 Command-Line Editing and Command Completion -- 3.4 Bash Command Execution -- 3.5 Bash Input/Output Redirection -- Standard Input and Output -- I/O Redirection -- Pipes -- 3.6 Bash Job Control -- 3.7 Bash Shell Expansions -- History Expansion -- Alias Expansion -- Brace and Tilde Expansions -- Variable Expansion -- Command Expansion -- Process Expansion -- Filename Expansion -- 3.8 Bash Built-in Commands -- 3.9 Shell Variables -- 3.10 Environment of a Program -- Command Execution Environment -- 3.11 Examples of Bash Usage -- Customized Prompt -- Removing Files Safely -- Copy, Paste, and I/O Redirection -- Displaying Manual Pages -- Setting Up Your Personal Web Folder -- 3.12 Default File Permissions -- 3.13 Shell Startup and Initialization -- 3.14 Shell Special Characters and Quoting -- Quoting in Bash -- 3.15 Simple Functions -- 3.16 For More Information -- 3.17 Summary -- 3.18 Exercises -- Chapter 4 Putting Commands and Applications to Use -- 4.1 Useful GUI Apps -- Word Processing -- Document Formatting and Typesetting -- Drawing and Diagramming -- Raster Graphics and Image Processing -- File Upload and Download -- Password Manager -- Cloud Storage -- 3D Modeling and 3D Printing -- Mathematical Calculations -- 4.2 Commands and Filters -- Leading and Trailing Lines: head and tail -- Character Translation: tr -- Tab Expansion -- Folding Text Lines -- Calendar Reminders by Email -- Sorting Text Lines -- 4.3 The grep Command -- 4.4 Regular Expressions -- Quoting in Search Patterns -- 4.5 Patterns for grep -- 4.6 A Stream Editor: sed -- 4.7 Building Pipelines -- Address Processing -- 4.8 For More Information -- 4.9 Summary -- 4.10 Exercises -- Chapter 5 Writing BASH Scripts -- 5.1 Invoking Shell Scripts -- 5.2 A First Shell Script -- 5.3 Shell Script Execution. 5.4 Positional Parameters -- 5.5 The for Command -- 5.6 The if Command -- 5.7 Test Expressions and Exit Status -- Exit Status -- Test Expressions -- 5.8 The shift Command -- 5.9 The case Command -- 5.10 The while and until Commands -- 5.11 Numerical Expressions -- 5.12 The break and continue Commands -- 5.13 File Queries -- 5.14 Variables -- 5.15 Arrays -- 5.16 Variable Modifiers -- 5.17 The Here Document -- 5.18 More on Functions -- Function Arguments -- Return Value of a Function -- 5.19 Redefining Bash Built-in Functions -- 5.20 Example Bash Scripts -- Example: Removing Unwanted Files -- Example: Conditional Copy -- Example: Total File Sizes -- Example: Secure File Transfer -- Example: Resizing Pictures -- 5.21 Debugging Shell Scripts -- 5.22 Error and Interrupt Handling -- Interrupt Handling -- 5.23 The Perl and PHP Alternatives -- 5.24 For More Information -- 5.25 Summary -- 5.26 Exercises -- Chapter 6 The File System -- 6.1 A File Location Road Map -- 6.2 File Types -- Ordinary Files -- Directories -- Special Files -- Links -- Symbolic Links -- 6.3 More on File Access Control -- Meaning of Permissions for a Directory -- 6.4 File Status -- File Mode -- File Userid and Groupid -- Access Control Enforcement -- Setuid and Setgid Modes -- Establishing a Group -- DAC and MAC -- 6.5 File System Implementation -- Filesystem Organization -- Mounted Filesystems -- Filesystem Super Block and Block Groups -- 6.6 The Filesystem Table -- 6.7 Creating Special Files -- 6.8 Network Filesystem -- 6.9 Searching the File Tree: find -- 6.10 The locate Command -- 6.11 Saving, Compressing, and Distributing Files -- Packing Files with shar -- 6.12 File Sharing with Samba -- 6.13 More File-Related Commands -- 6.14 For More Information -- 6.15 Summary -- 6.16 Exercises -- Chapter 7 Networking, Internet, and the Web -- 7.1 Networking Protocols -- 7.2 The Internet. Network Addresses -- Packet Switching -- Client and Server -- 7.3 The Domain Name System -- 7.4 Networking in Nautilus -- Accessing Samba Shared Files -- 7.5 Networking Commands -- 7.6 SSH with X11 Forwarding -- No Password ssh, sftp, and scp -- Remote File Synchronization -- 7.7 Cryptography -- 7.8 Symmetric Cryptosystems -- 7.9 Public-Key Cryptography and Digital Signature -- 7.10 GNU Privacy Guard -- Setting Up GnuPG Keys -- Encryption/Decryption with GnuPG -- 7.11 Secure Email -- Secure Email with Thunderbird -- 7.12 Message Digests -- Software and Message Signing -- 7.13 The Web -- Hypertext Markup Language -- URLs -- Accessing Information on the Web -- 7.14 Handling Different Content Types -- 7.15 Putting Information on the Web -- 7.16 What Is HTML? -- 7.17 Web Hosting -- 7.18 Domain Registration -- Accessing Domain Registration Data -- 7.19 The DNS -- DNS Servers -- DNS Resolvers -- 7.20 Dynamic Generation of Web Pages -- Dynamic Server Pages -- 7.21 HTTP Briefly -- 7.22 A Real HTTP Experience -- 7.23 For More Information -- 7.24 Summary -- 7.25 Exercises -- Chapter 8 Basic System Administration -- 8.1 Managing Users -- Sudo -- 8.2 Package Management -- Software Management Tasks -- 8.3 Managing Processes -- 8.4 Network Configuration -- 8.5 Firewall Settings -- 8.6 Managing Filesystems and Disks -- Disk Partitions -- Managing Filesystems -- Adding a New Disk -- LVM -- File Storage Quotas -- 8.7 File and System Backup -- Backup with Déjà Dup -- 8.8 System Booting -- 8.9 SELinux -- SELinux Status and Enforcing Modes -- Security Contexts -- Maintaining and Managing File Contexts -- 8.10 For More Information -- 8.11 Summary -- 8.12 Exercises -- Chapter 9 Web Hosting: Apache, MySQL, and PHP -- 9.1 What Is a Web Server? -- 9.2 URL and URI -- 9.3 Request Processing -- 9.4 Response and Content Types -- 9.5 The Apache Web Server -- 9.6 Apache on Linux. Installing Apache with Package Management -- Running the Apache Web Server -- Controlling the Apache Server -- 9.7 Apache Run-Time Configuration -- Apache Configuration File Basics -- About Configuration Directives -- Loading Modules -- Global Directives -- Container Directives -- 9.8 Access Control under Apache -- What Is Access Control? -- Access Control by Host -- 9.9 Requiring Passwords -- Setting Up User Login under Apache -- 9.10 How HTTP Basic Authentication Works -- 9.11 How HTTP Digest Authentication Works -- Basic vs. Digest Authentication -- 9.12 Password Encryption -- 9.13 Automatic File Deflation -- 9.14 HTTPS and SSL/TLS -- 9.15 HTTPS Support -- 9.16 Manual Installation of Apache -- Configure and Compile -- 9.17 What Is PHP? -- 9.18 The PHP Module for Apache -- Installing the PHP Module -- 9.19 Testing PHP -- 9.20 PHP Configuration -- 9.21 PHP Command Line Scripting -- 9.22 Database Support for the Web -- 9.23 MySQL -- Initializing, Starting, and Stopping MySQL -- MySQL Run-Time Configuration -- Administering MySQL -- Resetting the MySQL Root Password -- 9.24 Installing phpMyAdmin -- 9.25 Installing MySQL/MariaDB -- 9.26 For More Information -- 9.27 Summary -- 9.28 Exercises -- Chapter 10 C Programming in Linux -- 10.1 Command-Line Arguments -- Exit Status -- Compile and Execute -- 10.2 Linux Command Argument Conventions -- 10.3 The GCC Compiler -- The gcc Command -- Options for gcc -- The C Preprocessor -- Preventing Multiple Loading of Header Files -- Compilation -- Assembly -- Linking and Loading -- 10.4 The C Library -- I/O to Files -- File Updating -- I/O Redirection -- 10.5 Creating Libraries and Archives -- 10.6 Error Handling in C Programs -- Errors from System and Library Calls -- Error Indications from Mathematical Functions -- 10.7 Error Recovery -- 10.8 Debugging with GDB -- Interactive Debugging -- Basic gdb Commands. Praise for the First Edition: "This outstanding book ... gives the reader robust concepts and implementable knowledge of this environment. Graphical user interface (GUI)-based users and developers do not get short shrift, despite the command-line interface's (CLI) full-power treatment. ... Every programmer should read the introduction's Unix/Linux philosophy section. ... This authoritative and exceptionally well-constructed book has my highest recommendation. It will repay careful and recursive study." --Computing Reviews, August 2011 Mastering Modern Linux, Second Edition retains much of the good material from the previous edition, with extensive updates and new topics added. The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to Linux concepts, usage, and programming. The text helps the reader master Linux with a well-selected set of topics, and encourages hands-on practice. The first part of the textbook covers interactive use of Linux via the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the Command-Line Interface (CLI), including comprehensive treatment of the Gnome desktop and the Bash Shell. Using different apps, commands and filters, building pipelines, and matching patterns with regular expressions are major focuses. Next comes Bash scripting, file system structure, organization, and usage. The following chapters present networking, the Internet and the Web, data encryption, basic system admin, as well as Web hosting. The Linux Apache MySQL/MariaDB PHP (LAMP) Web hosting combination is also presented in depth. In the last part of the book, attention is turned to C-level programming. Topics covered include the C compiler, preprocessor, debugger, I/O, file manipulation, process control, inter-process communication, and networking. The book includes many examples and complete programs ready to download and run. A summary and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty can be found at the end of each chapter. A companion website (http: //mml.sofpower.com) provides appendices, information updates, an example code package, and other resources for instructors, as well as students. "Praise for the First Edition:"This outstanding book gives the reader robust concepts and implementable knowledge of this environment. Graphical user interface (GUI)-based users and developers do not get short shrift, despite the command-line interfaces (CLI) full-power treatment. Every programmer should read the introductions Unix/Linux philosophy section. This authoritative and exceptionally well-constructed book has my highest recommendation. It will repay careful and recursive study."--Computing Reviews, August 2011Mastering Modern Linux, Second Edition retains much of the good material from the previous edition, with extensive updates and new topics added. The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to Linux concepts, usage, and programming. The text helps the reader master Linux with a well-selected set of topics, and encourages hands-on practice. The first part of the textbook covers interactive use of Linux via the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the Command-Line Interface (CLI), including comprehensive treatment of the Gnome desktop and the Bash Shell. Using different apps, commands and filters, building pipelines, and matching patterns with regular expressions are major focuses.Next comes Bash scripting, file system structure, organization, and usage. The following chapters present networking, the Internet and the Web, data encryption, basic system admin, as well as Web hosting. The Linux Apache MySQL/MariaDB PHP (LAMP) Web hosting combination is also presented in depth. In the last part of the book, attention is turned to C-level programming. Topics covered include theC compiler, preprocessor, debugger, I/O, file manipulation, process control, inter-process communication, and networking. The book includes many examples and complete programs ready to download and run. A summary and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty can be found at the end of each chapter. A companion website (http://mml.sofpower.com) provides appendices, information updates, an example code package, and other resources for instructors, as well as students."--Provided by publisher "Mastering modern Linux, second edition retains much of the good material from the previous edition, with extensive updates and new topics added. The book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to Linux concepts, usage, and programming. The text helps the reader master Linux with a well-selected set of topics, and encourages hands-on practice."--Page 4 de la couverture