LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference (In a Nutshell (O'Reilly))

LPI LINUX CERTIFICATION IN A NUTSHELL......Page 1 Table of Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 15 The Linux Professional Institute......Page 16 Book Chapters......Page 17 Conventions Used in This Book......Page 18 How to Contact Us......Page 19 Acknowledgments......Page 20 LPI Exams1......Page 21 Exam Preparation......Page 25 BIOS......Page 27 Using the /proc filesystem......Page 28 USB Controllers......Page 30 USB Drivers......Page 31 Reporting Your Hardware......Page 32 Description......Page 33 Manipulating Modules......Page 34 Description......Page 35 Description......Page 36 Examples......Page 37 Frequently used options......Page 38 Example 4......Page 39 Device Management Definitions......Page 40 Boot-time Kernel Parameters......Page 41 Introduction to Kernel Module Configuration......Page 42 Kernel boot-time messages......Page 43 Objective 3: Change Runlevels and Shut Down or Reboot System......Page 44 Single-User Mode......Page 45 Overview of the /etc Directory Tree and the init Process......Page 46 Determining Your System s Runlevel......Page 48 System shutdown with shutdown......Page 49 Examples......Page 50 Linux Installation and Package5 Management (Topic 102)......Page 53 Limited disk space......Page 54 Superblock......Page 55 Booting from a USB device......Page 56 Swap Space......Page 57 Objective 2: Install a Boot Manager......Page 58 The boot loader......Page 59 Frequently used options......Page 60 GRUB......Page 61 Installing GRUB......Page 62 The GRUB configuration file......Page 63 Example......Page 64 Example 1......Page 65 Debian Package Management Overview......Page 66 Frequently used options......Page 67 Example 1......Page 68 Example 5......Page 69 Frequently used commands......Page 70 Description......Page 71 RPM Overview......Page 72 Running rpm......Page 73 Example 1......Page 74 Frequently used query package selection options......Page 75 Example 2......Page 76 Example 6......Page 77 YUM Overview......Page 78 Checking installed packages......Page 79 Installing packages......Page 80 Removing packages......Page 81 GNU and Unix Commands6 (Topic 103)......Page 83 Objective 1: Work on the Command Line......Page 84 Shell variable basics......Page 85 Entering commands at the command prompt......Page 88 Entering commands not in the PATH......Page 89 Entering multiple-line commands interactively......Page 90 Command History and Editing......Page 91 Command substitution......Page 93 Applying commands recursively through a directory tree......Page 94 Frequently used options......Page 95 Manual sections......Page 96 Objective 2: Process Text Streams Using Filters......Page 97 Unknown......Page 0 Frequently used options......Page 98 Syntax......Page 99 Example......Page 100 Example......Page 101 Frequently used options......Page 102 Frequently used options......Page 103 Frequently used options......Page 104 Example......Page 105 Example......Page 106 Frequently used options......Page 107 Example 1......Page 108 Frequently used options......Page 109 Description......Page 110 Directories and files......Page 111 Frequently used options......Page 112 Frequently used options......Page 113 Example 1......Page 114 Syntax......Page 115 Frequently used options......Page 116 Example 1......Page 117 Syntax......Page 118 Syntax......Page 119 File-Naming Wildcards (File Globbing)......Page 120 Standard I/O and Default File Descriptors......Page 122 Pipes CommandsGNU/Unix......Page 123 Redirection......Page 124 The xargs Command......Page 126 Processes......Page 127 Process Monitoring......Page 128 Examples CommandsGNU/Unix......Page 129 Description......Page 130 Example......Page 131 Frequently used interactive options......Page 132 Example 3......Page 133 Description......Page 134 Signaling Active Processes......Page 135 Examples......Page 136 Terminating Processes......Page 137 Shell Job Control......Page 138 Description......Page 139 nice......Page 140 Example 2......Page 141 Examples......Page 142 Regular Expression Syntax......Page 143 Using grep......Page 145 Examples......Page 146 Using sed......Page 147 Addressing......Page 148 Example 4......Page 149 Description......Page 150 Example 5......Page 151 Example 6......Page 152 Example 5......Page 153 Example 5......Page 154 vi Basics CommandsGNU/Unix......Page 155 Devices, Linux Filesystems, and7 the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (Topic 104)......Page 159 Disk Drives Under Linux......Page 160 Hard disk devices......Page 161 Disk partitions......Page 162 The root filesystem and mount points......Page 163 Frequently used commands......Page 165 Example 1......Page 166 Example 2......Page 167 Creating filesystems......Page 168 Example 2......Page 169 Example......Page 170 Syntax......Page 171 Example 3......Page 172 Example 1......Page 173 Modifying a Filesystem......Page 174 Frequently used options......Page 175 Example 2......Page 176 Checking and Repairing Filesystems......Page 177 Example 1......Page 178 Example 4......Page 179 Frequently used options......Page 180 Managing the Filesystem Table......Page 181 Mount options......Page 183 Example 1......Page 185 Unmounting Filesystems......Page 186 Objective 4: Set and View Disk Quotas......Page 187 Quota Limits......Page 188 Example 1......Page 189 Example 2......Page 190 Frequently used options......Page 191 Description......Page 192 Example 2......Page 193 Example......Page 194 Enabling Quotas......Page 195 Linux Access Control......Page 196 The mode bits......Page 198 The mode string......Page 200 New files......Page 201 Changing access modes......Page 202 Frequently used options tems, FHSDevices, Filesys-......Page 203 Description......Page 204 Example 1......Page 205 Setting Up a Workgroup Directory......Page 206 Objective 6: Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links......Page 207 Why Links?......Page 208 Example 2......Page 209 Objective 7: Find System Files and Place Files in the Correct Location......Page 212 Datatypes......Page 213 The root Filesystem......Page 214 The /usr filesystem......Page 216 The /var filesystem......Page 218 Where s that binary?......Page 219 Example......Page 220 Example......Page 221 Additional options......Page 222 Description......Page 223 Example......Page 224 Review Questions......Page 225 Review Questions......Page 226 Exercises......Page 227 Exercises......Page 228 Review Questions......Page 231 Exercises......Page 232 Questions......Page 235 Answers......Page 246 Resource assignments......Page 249 Objective 102.1: Design Hard Disk Layout......Page 250 Concepts......Page 251 The interactive shell and shell variables......Page 252 The commands......Page 253 File and directory management commands......Page 255 File-naming wildcards......Page 256 Pipes and redirection......Page 257 Signaling processes......Page 258 Concepts......Page 259 Modifiers......Page 260 Subcommands......Page 261 Filesystems......Page 263 Managing the filesystem table......Page 264 Filesystem types......Page 265 Access control......Page 266 Setting access modes......Page 267 File Hierarchy Standard (FHS)......Page 268 Locating files......Page 269 Exam 102 Overview11......Page 271 Exam Preparation......Page 273 Shells, Scripting, and Data13 Management (Topic 105)......Page 275 An Overview of Shells......Page 276 Shells and environment variables......Page 277 Aliases......Page 279 Functions......Page 280 Configuration files......Page 281 .inputrc......Page 286 Script Files......Page 287 Creating a simple bash script......Page 288 Shebang!......Page 289 The shell script s environment......Page 290 SUID and SGID rights......Page 291 Return values......Page 292 Command substitution......Page 293 Description......Page 294 Frequently used options......Page 295 Example......Page 296 Syntax......Page 297 Example......Page 298 Example......Page 299 Frequently used options......Page 300 Description......Page 301 Example......Page 302 Accessing a MySQL Server......Page 305 Database Overview......Page 307 Aggregate Functions......Page 312 Multitable Queries......Page 313 The X Window System (Topic 106)14......Page 317 Objective 1: Install and Configure X11......Page 318 Supported video hardware......Page 319 Configuring an X server and the xorg.conf file......Page 320 Distribution-specific tools......Page 323 Installing fonts......Page 326 The X font server......Page 327 Configuring xdm......Page 328 Running xdm manually......Page 329 Basic xdm customization......Page 330 Configuring KDM......Page 331 Configuring GDM......Page 334 Switching display managers......Page 335 Objective 3: Accessibility......Page 336 Objective 1: Manage User and Group Accounts and Related System Files......Page 339 User Accounts and the Password File......Page 340 Groups and the Group File......Page 341 Group passwords and shadow groups......Page 342 Example......Page 343 Example......Page 344 Option......Page 345 User crontab files......Page 346 Example......Page 347 System crontab files......Page 348 Example2......Page 349 Objective 3: Localization and Internationalization......Page 350 Objective 1: Maintain System Time......Page 353 Frequently used options......Page 354 Frequently used options......Page 356 Frequently used options Services......Page 357 Description......Page 358 The Hardware Clock......Page 359 Time Zones......Page 360 Configuring syslogd......Page 361 Logfile Rotation......Page 363 Examining Logfiles......Page 364 Objective 3: Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Basics......Page 367 Configuration of Sendmail......Page 368 Syntax......Page 369 Example......Page 370 Configuration of Postfix......Page 371 Configuration of Qmail......Page 373 Configuration of Exim......Page 374 An Overview of Printing......Page 375 LPRng......Page 376 CUPS......Page 377 CUPS printing overview......Page 378 CUPS filters......Page 379 Example 1......Page 380 Options......Page 381 Example 1......Page 382 Example 1......Page 383 Example 3......Page 384 The Error Logfile......Page 385 Using the cups-config Utility for Debugging......Page 386 Objective 1: Fundamentals of Internet Protocols......Page 389 Private IP addresses and NAT......Page 390 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)......Page 391 Masks......Page 392 Protocols......Page 394 Services......Page 396 Example......Page 397 Frequently used commands......Page 398 Example 2......Page 399 Syntax......Page 400 Example......Page 401 Objective 2: Basic Network Configuration and Objective 4: Configuring Client Side DNS......Page 403 Configuration files......Page 404 Frequently used parameters......Page 406 Example 3......Page 407 Frequently used options and keywords......Page 408 Example 1......Page 409 DHCP......Page 410 dhcpd......Page 411 Frequently used options......Page 412 A Standard Linux Network Configuration......Page 413 Syntax......Page 415 Example 2......Page 416 Frequently used options......Page 417 Frequently used options......Page 418 Examples......Page 419 Common Manual Network Interface Tasks......Page 420 dig......Page 422 Objective 1: Perform Security Administration Tasks......Page 425 The (In)Security of SUID......Page 426 Examples......Page 428 Frequently used options......Page 429 Example 1......Page 430 User IDs and Passwords......Page 431 Frequently used options......Page 433 Shadow Passwords......Page 434 Description......Page 436 Examples Security......Page 437 Frequently used options......Page 438 Example......Page 439 Examples......Page 442 Frequently used options......Page 445 Example 1......Page 446 Example 2......Page 447 Frequently used options......Page 448 Example 2......Page 449 The Super-Server......Page 451 inetd syntax......Page 452 xinetd......Page 454 Security with TCP_WRAPPERS......Page 457 Configuration......Page 458 Securing Data with Encryption24 (Topic 110.3)......Page 461 Using Secure Shell (SSH)......Page 462 Example /etc/ssh/sshd_config file......Page 463 Generating and Using Keys......Page 464 Enabling bulk logins on multiple hosts for multiple users......Page 465 Example......Page 466 ssh-agent......Page 467 Other SSH Tricks......Page 469 Configuring OpenSSH......Page 470 Generating a Key Pair......Page 471 Listing Keys......Page 473 Troubleshooting Files in the ~/.gnupg/ Directory......Page 474 Review Questions......Page 477 Exercises......Page 478 Exercises......Page 479 Exercises......Page 480 Review Questions......Page 481 Review Questions......Page 482 Exercises......Page 483 Questions......Page 485 Answers......Page 493 Bash......Page 495 Objective 105.3: SQL Data Management......Page 496 passwd and group......Page 497 Using cron......Page 498 Objective 107.3: Localization and Internationalization......Page 499 Examining logfiles......Page 500 /etc/printcap......Page 501 Addressing and masks......Page 502 Objective 109.2: Basic Network Configuration......Page 503 Objective 110.1: Perform Security Administration Tasks......Page 504 Objective 110.3: Securing Data with Encryption......Page 505 Index......Page 507 Colophon......Page 521 Linux deployment continues to increase, and so does the demand for qualified and certified Linux system administrators. If you're seeking a job-based certification from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI), this updated guide will help you prepare for the technically challenging LPIC Level 1 Exams 101 and 102.The third edition of this book is a meticulously researched reference to these exams, written by trainers who work closely with LPI. You'll find an overview of each exam, a summary of the core skills you need, review questions and exercises, as well as a study guide, a practice test, and hints to help you focus.Major topics include:Critical GNU and Unix commands Linux installation and package management Devices and filesystems Text editing, processing, and printing The X Window System Networking and security Mail transfer agents Email, FTP, and web services These exams are for junior to mid-level Linux administrators with about two years of practical system administration experience. You should be comfortable with Linux at the command line and capable of performing simple tasks, including system installation and troubleshooting. Linux deployment continues to increase, and so does the demand for qualified and certified Linux system administrators. If you're seeking a job-based certification from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI), this updated guide will help you prepare for the technically challenging LPIC Level 1 Exams 101 and 102. The third edition of this book is a meticulously researched reference to these exams, written by trainers who work closely with LPI. You'll find an overview of each exam, a summary of the core skills you need, review questions and exercises, as well as a study guide, a practice test, and hints to help you focus. Major topics