Knowledge Contributors (Synthese Library, 322)

In the late 1950's and early 1960's seminal works on the logic of knowledge and belief were published by notably von Wright and Hintikka. Epistemic and doxastic logics have since then grown into mature disciplines enjoying many important applications in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and linguistics to mention but a few fields. The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. Knowledge Contributors include H. van Ditmarsch, R. Fagin, J. Halpern, J. Hintikka, W. van der Hoek, B. Kooi, W. Lenzen, Y. Moses, H. Rott, J. Sowa, M. Vardi and R. Wjcicki. Knowledge Contributors is accessible to researchers as well as graduate students in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and related disciplines utilizing the means and methods of epistemic logic. Read more... Abstract: The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. Read more... Content: Agent and System -- Active Agenthood -- Multiple Active Agents -- Multi-Modalities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Knowledge, Belief, and Subjective Probability: Outlines of a Unified System of Epistemic/Doxastic Logic -- The Logic of Conviction -- The Logic of Knowledge -- The Logic of (‘Weak’) Belief -- The Pragmatics of Epistemic Sentences -- Notes -- References -- A Second Generation Epistemic Logic and Its General Significance -- The Prima Facie Conundrum of Epistemic Logic -- The Promises -- Promises Fulfilled by Means of the Notion of Independence -- References -- Economics and Economy in the Theory of Belief Revision -- What is Economics? -- Acting Economically, A Second View: “Informational Economy” -- Economic and Economical Considerations in Belief Revision Theory -- Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What has been done? -- Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What should be done? -- Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What has been done? -- Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What should be done? -- Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What has been done? -- Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What should be done? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Common Knowledge Revisited -- Two Puzzles -- Common Knowledge and Uncertainty -- Simultaneous Events -- Temporal Imprecision -- The Granularity of Time -- Approximations of Common Knowledge -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- Concurrent Dynamic Epistemic Logic -- Language and Semantics -- Proof System -- Completeness -- Applications -- Conclusions -- References -- Laws, Facts, and Contexts: Foundations of Multimodal Reasoning -- Replacing Possible Worlds with Contexts -- Dunn's Laws and Facts -- Contexts by Peirce and McCarthy -- Tarski's Metalevels -- Nested Graph Models -- Beyond Kripke Semantics -- The Intended Interpretation -- References -- Referential Semantics -- The General Idea of Referential Semantics -- Language -- Components of Referential Semantics -- Substitutions -- Some Notation -- The Definition Completed -- A Few Examples -- Four Principles of Logical Analysis -- Logical Consequences -- A Few Comments on the Peculiar Status of the Identity Predicate -- General Properties of Consequence Operations -- The Truth Preserving Consequence Operations -- The Problem of Adequacy -- Self-Extensional Consequence Operations -- Adequacy Theorem -- The Need for Referential Semantics -- Notes and References -- References. Inthe1950'sGeorgvonWrightprovidedthe?rstsurveysinepistemiclogic. Roughly 10 years later Jaakko Hintikka published his seminal work on the logic of knowledge and belief. Epistemic and doxastic logics have since then grown into mature disciplines enjoying many important applications in philosophy, computer science, gametheory, economicsandlinguistics to mention of few?elds of applications. Knowledge Contributors is based on the Dimensions in Epistemic Logic conference hosted by?LOG-The Danish Network for Philosophical Logic and Its Applications in May 2002 at Roskilde University, Denmark. The conference featured lectures by such recognized experts in epistemic logic as Joseph Y. Halpern (Cornell University, USA), Jaakko Hintikka (Boston University, USA), Wiebe van der Hoek (University of Liverpool, UK), Wolfgang Lenzen (University of Osnabruc ̈k, DE), Hans Rott (U- versity of Regensburg, DE), Krister Segerberg (Uppsala University, SE), JohnF. Sowa(USA), MosheY. Vardi(Rice University, USA) andRyszard W ́ojcicki (Polish Academy of Sciences, PL). The conference had three aims which are re?ected in the current v- ume and its organization of the contributions: (1) To track the history of epistemic logic, (2) to consider important applications of epistemic logic in a variety of?elds and (3) to discuss future directions of research in epistemic logic with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and mul- modal systems. The editors would like to thank the invited speakers, and their co-authors, for contributing, in the most lucid and inspiring way, to the ful?llment of the conference aims and for making their contributions available for publication Knowledge Contributors Is Accessible To Researchers As Well As Graduate Students In Philosophy, Computer Science, Game Theory, Economics And Related Disciplines Utilizing The Means And Methods Of Epistemic Logic.--book Jacket. Introduction / V. F. Hendricks, K. F. Jorgensen And S. A. Pedersen -- Knowledge, Belief, And Subjective Probability: Outlines Of A Unified System Of Epistemic/doxastic Logic / W. Lenzen -- A Second Generation Epistemic Logic And Its General Significance / J. Hintikka -- Economics And Economy In The Theory Of Belief Revision / H. Rott -- Common Knowledge Revisited / R. Fagin, J. Y. Halpern, Y. Moses And M. Y. Vardi -- Concurrent Dynamic Epistemic Logic / H. P. Van Ditmarsch, W. Van Der Hoek And B. P. Kooi -- Laws, Facts, And Contexts: Foundations Of Multimodal Reasoning / J. F. Sowa -- Referential Semantics / R. Wojcicki. Edited By Vincent F. Hendricks, Klaus Frovin Jørgensen, And Stig Andur Pedersen. Based On A Conference Held In May 2002 At Roskilde University, Denmark. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. It is accessible to researchers and graduate students in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and related disciplines utilizing the means and methods of epistemic logic. The study of epistemic attitudes - in particular knowledge and belief -dates at least back to the Scholaticism of the Middles Ages.