The Key Dynamics in Computer Science gives readers an integrated and rigorous tour into the overall computer architecture, including its hardware and software components. The book takes a refreshing, ground-level approach to allow the students to gain a clear picture of how computers work. Designed and supported with numerous real-world illustrations, the book leads students through 8 chapters that gradually build a basic hardware platform coupled with modern operating system hierarchy from the ground up. Additionally, this volume delved deeper into modern programming languages, including Python and C. All in all, it is a fantastic reference for emerging technical professions and supports them to gain a thorough understanding of the modern computer hardware and software components. Cover 1 Title Page 5 Copyright 6 ABOUT THE EDITOR 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9 List of Figures 13 List of Tables 17 List of Abbreviations 19 Preface 21 Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Computers and Programming 23 1.1. Introduction 24 1.2. Hardware 25 1.3. Software 30 1.4. How Do Computers Store Data? 32 1.5. How a Program Works? 38 1.6. Using Python 46 References 51 Chapter 2 Classification of Computer Programs 59 2.1. Introduction 60 2.2. Software Systems 70 2.3. General Behavior of Software Systems 73 2.4. Program Types 75 2.5. Computer Architecture 76 2.6. Examples 78 2.7. Discussion 79 References 80 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Programming Languages 87 3.1. Introduction 88 3.2. Purpose of Programming Languages 89 3.3. Imperative Languages 92 3.4. Data-Oriented Languages 99 3.5. Object-Oriented Languages 105 3.6. Non-Imperative Languages 106 3.7. Standardization 108 3.8. Computability 109 References 110 Chapter 4 Introduction to Python Programming 117 4.1. Introduction 118 4.2. Output: Print Statement 120 4.3. Arithmetic Expressions: A First Look 126 4.4. Variables in Python 126 4.5. Arithmetic Expressions in Python 131 4.6. Reading User Input In Python 137 4.7. Examples of Programs Using The Input() Statement 139 4.8. Math Class 141 References 146 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of C Programming 155 5.1. Introduction 156 5.2. A First Program 157 5.3. Variants of Hello World 158 5.4. A Numerical Example 160 5.5. Another Version of the Conversion Table Example 161 5.6. Identifiers 162 5.7. Types 163 5.8. Constants 165 5.9. Symbolic Constants 167 5.10. Printf Conversion Specifiers 168 References 169 Chapter 6 Dynamic Programming 175 6.1. Introduction 176 6.2. An Elementary Example 176 6.3. Formalizing the Dynamic-Programming Approach 185 6.4. Optimal Capacity Expansion 189 6.5. Discounting Future Returns 194 6.6. Shortest Paths in a Network 195 6.7. Continuous State-Space Problems 199 6.8. Dynamic Programming Under Uncertainty 201 References 209 Chapter 7 Fundamentals of Operating Systems 221 7.1. Introduction 222 7.2. Computer System Organization 223 7.3. Computer System Structure 226 7.4. Operating System (OS) History 226 7.5. Operating System (OS) Functions 227 7.6. Operating System (OS) Categories 228 7.7. The Performance Development of OS 231 7.8. Operating System (OS) Service 234 7.9. Operating System (OS) Operations 234 7.10. Operating System (OS) Components 236 References 239 Chapter 8 Timeline of Computer Windows and Its Features 243 8.1. Introduction 244 8.2. Ms-Dos And What Came Before 244 8.3. Windows 1.0 245 8.4. Windows 2.0 245 8.5. Windows 3.0 246 8.6. Windows 3.1 247 8.7. Windows 95 248 8.8. Windows 98 249 8.9. Windows 2000 250 8.10. Windows Me 251 8.11. Windows Xp 252 8.12. Windows Vista 253 8.13. Windows 7 253 8.14. Windows 8 254 8.15. Windows 8.1 255 8.16. Windows 10 256 8.17. Windows 11 257 8.18. The Future of Windows 266 8.19. Main Features of Microsoft Windows 267 References 276 Index 283 Back Cover 288
