Introduction to logic - 14. ed

The 14th Edition of Introduction to Logic, written by Copi, Cohen & McMahon, is dedicated to the many thousands of students and their teachers - at hundreds of universities in the United States and around the world - who have used its fundamental methods and techniques of correct reasoning in their everyday lives. To those who have not previously used or reviewed Introduction to Logic we extend the very warmest welcome. Please join us and our international family of users! Let us help you teach students the methods and principles needed in order to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning. For, Introduction to Logic is a proven textbook that has been honed through the collaborative efforts of many scholars over the last five decades. Its scrupulous attention to detail and precision in exposition and explanation is matched by the greatest accuracy in all associated detail. In addition, it continues to capture student interest through its personalized human setting and current examples. For more than six decades, and for thousands of students, Introduction to Logic has been the gold standard in introductory logic texts. In this fifteenth edition, Carl Cohen and Victor Rodych update Irving M. Copi's classic text, improving on its many strengths and introducing new and helpful material that will greatly assist both students and instructors. In particular, chapters 1, 8, and 9 have been greatly enhanced without disturbing the book's clear and gradual pedagogical approach. Specifically: Chapter 1 now uses a simpler and better definition of "deductive validity," which enhances the rest of the book (especially chapters 1 and 8-10, and their new components). Chapter 8 now has: Simpler definitions of "simple statement" and "compound statement" More and more detailed examples of the Complete Truth-Table Method. Chapter 9 now has: A detailed, step-by-step account of the Shorter Truth-Table Method (with detailed step-by-step examples for conclusions of different types) A more complete and detailed account of Indirect Proof A detailed justification for Indirect Proof treating each of the three distinct ways in which an argument can be valid A new section on Conditional Proof, which complements the 19 Rules of Inference and Indirect Proof Explications of proofs of tautologies using both Indirect Proof and Conditional Proof A new section at the end of the chapter explaining the important difference between sound and demonstrative arguments. The Appendices now include: A new appendix on making the Shorter Truth-Table Technique (STTT) more efficient by selecting the most efficient sequence of STTT steps A new appendix on Step 1 calculations for multiple-line shorter truth tables A new appendix on unforced truth-value assignments, invalid arguments, and Maxims III-V. In addition, a Companion Website will offer: for Students: A Proof Checker Complete Truth Table Exercises Shorter Truth-Table Exercises A Truth-Table Video Venn Diagram Testing of Syllogisms Hundreds of True/False and Multiple Choice Questions for Instructors: An Instructor's Manual A Solutions Manual www.routledge.com/cw/9781138500860 Introduction To Logic Is A Proven Textbook That Has Been Honed Through The Collaborative Efforts Of Many Scholars Over The Last Five Decades. Its Scrupulous Attention To Detail And Precision In Exposition And Explanation Is Matched By The Greatest Accuracy In All Associated Detail. In Addition, It Continues To Capture Student Interest Through Its Personalized Human Setting And Current Examples. The 14th Edition Of Introduction To Logic, Written By Copi, Cohen & Mcmahon, Is Dedicated To The Many Thousands Of Students And Their Teachers - At Hundreds Of Universities In The United States And Around The World - Who Have Used Its Fundamental Methods And Techniques Of Correct Reasoning In Their Everyday Lives. Basic Logical Concepts -- Analyzing Arguments -- Language And Definitions -- Fallacies -- Categorical Propositions -- Categorical Syllogisms -- Syllogisms In Ordinary Language -- Symbolic Logic -- Methods Of Deduction -- Quantification Theory -- Analogical Reasoning -- Causal Reasoning -- Science And Hypothesis -- Probability -- Appendix: Graduate-level Admission Tests -- Solutions To Selected Exercises. Includes Index. Includes Index. Basic logical concepts -- Analyzing arguments -- Language and definitions -- Fallacies -- Categorical propositions -- Categorical syllogisms -- Syllogisms in ordinary language -- Propositional logic I: truth-functional statements and arguments -- Propositional logic II: methods of deduction -- Predicate logic: quantification theory -- Analogical reasoning -- Causal reasoning -- Science and hypothesis -- Probability.;"For more than six decades, and for thousands of students, Introduction to Logic has been the gold standard in introductory logic texts. In this 15th Edition, Carl Cohen and Victor Rodych update Irving M. Copi's classic text, improving on its many strengths and introducing new and helpful material that will greatly assist both students and instructors"-- Chapter 8 Symbolic Logic -- 8.1 Modern Logic and Its Symbolic Language -- 8.2 The Symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction -- 8.3 Conditional Statements and Material Implication -- 8.4 Argument Forms and Refutation by Logical Analogy -- 8.5 The Precise Meaning of "Invalid" and "Valid" -- 8.6 Testing Argument Validity Using Truth Tables -- 8.7 Some Common Argument Forms -- 8.8 Statement Forms and Material Equivalence -- 8.9 Logical Equivalence -- 8.10 The Three "Laws of Thought" -- chapter 9 Methods of Deduction -- 9.1 Formal Proof of Validity -- 9.2 The Elementary Valid Argument Forms 6.3 Venn Diagram Technique for Testing Syllogisms -- 6.4 Syllogistic Rules and Syllogistic Fallacies -- 6.5 Exposition of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism -- Appendix: Deduction of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism -- chapter 7 Syllogisms in Ordinary Language -- 7.1 Syllogistic Arguments -- 7.2 Reducing the Number of Terms to Three -- 7.3 Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form -- 7.4 Uniform Translation -- 7.5 Enthymemes -- 7.6 Sorites -- 7.7 Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogisms -- 7.8 The Dilemma -- Section B Modern Logic Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Brief Contents -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Logic and Language -- Section A Reasoning -- chapter 1 Basic Logical Concepts -- 1.1 What Logic Is -- 1.2 Propositions and Arguments -- 1.3 Recognizing Arguments -- 1.4 Arguments and Explanations -- 1.5 Deductive and Inductive Arguments -- 1.6 Validity and Truth -- chapter 2 Analyzing Arguments -- 2.1 Paraphrasing Arguments -- 2.2 Diagramming Arguments -- 2.3 Complex Argumentative Passages -- 2.4 Problems in Reasoning Section A Classical Logic -- chapter 5 Categorical Propositions -- 5.1 The Theory of Deduction -- 5.2 Classes and Categorical Propositions -- 5.3 The Four Kinds of Categorical Propositions -- 5.4 Quality, Quantity, and Distribution -- 5.5 The Traditional Square of Opposition -- 5.6 Further Immediate Inferences -- 5.7 Existential Import and the Interpretation of Categorical Propositions -- 5.8 Symbolism and Diagrams for Categorical Propositions -- chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms -- 6.1 Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms -- 6.2 The Formal Nature of Syllogistic Argument Section B Informal Logic -- chapter 3 Language and Definitions -- 3.1 Language Functions -- 3.2 Emotive Language, Neutral Language, and Disputes -- 3.3 Disputes and Ambiguity -- 3.4 Definitions and Their Uses -- 3.5 The Structure of Definitions: Extension and Intension -- 3.6 Definition by Genus and Difference -- chapter 4 Fallacies -- 4.1 What Is a Fallacy? -- 4.2 Classification of Fallacies -- 4.3 Fallacies of Relevance -- 4.4 Fallacies of Defective Induction -- 4.5 Fallacies of Presumption -- 4.6 Fallacies of Ambiguity -- Logic in the Real World -- Part II Deduction "For more than six decades, and for thousands of students, Introduction to Logic has been the gold standard in introductory logic texts. In this 15th Edition, Carl Cohen and Victor Rodych update Irving M. Copi's classic text, improving on its many strengths and introducing new and helpful material that will greatly assist both students and instructors"-- Provided by publisher Copi's Introduction to Logic introduces students to the fundamental methods and techniques of correct reasoning, in a manner that shows the relevance of the topics to their everyday lives.