Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Fluid mechanics is often seen as the most difficult core subject encountered by engineering students. The problem stems from the necessity to visualise complex flow patterns and fluid behaviour modelled by high level mathematics. This text overcomes this difficulty by introducing the concepts through everyday examples, before moving on to the more involved mathematics. The various theories of flow have been correlated with real phenomena and, combined with numerous figures and photographs, help the reader place the subject in context. Examples from a broad range of engineering disciplines are included making this textbook suitable for all engineers studying fluid systems as part of their degree. 'Introduction to Fluid Mechanics' is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher. Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more invoved mathematics.Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographsIncludes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines. Front Cover......Page 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 9 PREFACE......Page 10 LIST OF SYMBOLS......Page 12 1.2 The beginning of fluid mechanics......Page 14 2.2 Units and dimensions......Page 19 2.3 Density, specific gravity and specific volume......Page 21 2.4 Viscosity......Page 22 2.5 Surface tension......Page 26 2.6 Compressibility......Page 29 2.7 Characteristics of a perfect gas......Page 30 2.8 Problems......Page 31 3.1 Pressure......Page 33 3.2 Forces acting on the vessel of liquid......Page 43 3.3 Why does a ship float?......Page 46 3.4 Relatively stationary state......Page 48 3.5 Problems......Page 51 4.1 Streamline and stream tube......Page 54 4.3 Three-dimensional, two-dimensional and one-dimensional flow......Page 56 4.4 Laminar flow and turbulent flow......Page 57 4.6 Incompressible and compressible fluids......Page 59 4.7 Rotation and spinning of a liquid......Page 60 4.8 Circulation......Page 63 4.9 Problems......Page 66 5.1 Continuity equation......Page 68 5.2 Conservation of energy......Page 69 5.3 Conservation of momentum......Page 83 5.4 Conservation of angular momentum......Page 89 5.5 Problems......Page 91 6.1 Continuity equation......Page 95 6.2 Navier–Stokes equation......Page 96 6.3 Velocity distribution of laminar flow......Page 101 6.4 Velocity distribution of turbulent flow......Page 107 6.5 Boundary layer......Page 114 6.6 Theory of lubrication......Page 119 6.7 Problems......Page 122 CHAPTER 7. FLOW IN PIPES......Page 124 7.1 Flow in the inlet region......Page 125 7.2 Loss by pipe friction......Page 127 7.3 Frictional loss on pipes other than circular pipes......Page 131 7.4 Various losses in pipe lines......Page 132 7.5 Pumping to higher levels......Page 145 7.6 Problems......Page 147 8.1 Flow in an open channel with constant section and flow velocity......Page 149 8.2 Best section shape of an open channel......Page 151 8.3 Specific energy......Page 154 8.4 Constant discharge......Page 155 8.5 Constant specific energy......Page 156 8.6 Constant water depth......Page 157 8.7 Hydraulic jump......Page 158 8.8 Problems......Page 159 9.1 Flows around a body......Page 161 9.3 The drag of a body......Page 162 9.4 The lift of a body......Page 174 9.5 Cavitation......Page 180 9.6 Problems......Page 182 10.1 Dimensional analysis......Page 184 10.3 Application examples of dimensional analysis......Page 185 10.4 Law of similarity......Page 188 10.5 Problems......Page 193 11.1 Measurement of flow velocity......Page 195 11.2 Measurement of flow discharge......Page 199 11.3 Problems......Page 208 12.1 Euler's equation of motion......Page 210 12.2 Velocity potential......Page 211 12.3 Stream function......Page 213 12.4 Complex potential......Page 214 12.5 Example of potential flow......Page 216 12.6 Conformal mapping......Page 225 12.7 Problems......Page 229 13.1 Thermodynamical characteristics......Page 231 13.2 Sonic velocity......Page 234 13.3 Mach number......Page 236 13.4 Basic equations for one-dimensional compressible flow......Page 237 13.5 Isentropic flow......Page 239 13.6 Shock waves......Page 243 13.7 Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow......Page 248 13.8 Problems......Page 249 14.1 Vibration of liquid column in U-tube......Page 251 14.2 Propagation of pressure in pipe line......Page 253 14.3 Transitional change in flow quantity in a pipe line......Page 255 14.4 Velocity of pressure wave in a pipe line......Page 256 14.5 Water hammer......Page 257 14.6 Problems......Page 260 15.1 Finite difference method......Page 262 15.2 Finite volume method......Page 276 15.3 Finite element method......Page 277 15.4 Boundary element method......Page 282 16.2 Experimental visualisation methods......Page 287 16.3 Computer-aided visualisation methods......Page 299 ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS......Page 304 INDEX......Page 312 Fluid mechanics is often seen as the most difficult core subject encountered by engineering students. The problem stems from the necessity to visualise complex flow patterns and fluid behaviour modelled by high level mathematics. This text overcomes this difficulty by introducing the concepts through everyday examples, before moving on to the more involved mathematics. The various theories of flow have been correlated with real phenomena and, combined with numerous figures and photographs, help the reader place the subject in context. Examples from a broad range of engineering disciplines are included making this textbook suitable for all engineers studying fluid systems as part of their degree.


'Introduction to Fluid Mechanics' is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher.


Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more invoved mathematics.
Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographs
Includes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines. Fluid mechanics is often seen as the most difficult core subject encountered by engineering students. The problem stems from the necessity to visualise complex flow patterns and fluid behaviour modelled by high level mathematics. This text overcomes this difficulty by introducing the concepts through everyday examples, before moving on to the more involved mathematics. The various theories of flow have been correlated with real phenomena and, combined with numerous figures and photographs, help the reader place the subject in context. Examples from a broad range of engineering disciplines are included making this textbook suitable for all engineers studying fluid systems as part of their degree. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher. Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more invoved mathematics Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographs Includes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines Fluid mechanics is often seen as the most difficult core subject encountered by engineering students. The problem stems from the necessity to visualise complex flow patterns and fluid behaviour modelled by high level mathematics. This text overcomes this difficulty by introducing the concepts through everyday examples, before moving on to the more involved mathematics. The various theories of flow have been correlated with real phenomena and, combined with numerous figures and photographs, help the reader place the subject in context. Examples from a broad range of engineering disciplines are included making this textbook suitable for all engineers studying fluid systems as part of their degree. 'Introduction to Fluid Mechanics' is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher. Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more involved mathematics. Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographs Includes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines Content: About the authors, __Page viii__Preface, __Pages ix-x__List of symbols, __Pages xi-xii__1 - History of fluid mechanics, __Pages 1-5__2 - Characteristics of a fluid, __Pages 6-19__3 - Fluid statics, __Pages 20-40__4 - Fundamentals of flow, __Pages 41-54__5 - One-dimensional flow: Mechanism for conservation of flow properties, __Pages 55-81__6 - Flow of viscous fluid, __Pages 82-110__7 - Flow in pipes, __Pages 111-135__8 - Flow in a water channel, __Pages 136-147__9 - Drag and lift, __Pages 148-170__10 - Dimensional analysis and law of similarity, __Pages 171-181__11 - Measurement of flow velocity and flow rate, __Pages 182-196__12 - Flow of an ideal fluid, __Pages 197-217__13 - Flow of a compressible fluid, __Pages 218-237__14 - Unsteady Flow, __Pages 238-248__15 - Computational fluid dynamics, __Pages 249-273__16 - Flow visualisation, __Pages 274-290__Answers to problems, __Pages 291-298__Index, __Pages 299-308__