Introduction to Computer Graphics. Using Java 2D and 3D

1 1 Introduction Object oriented programming has opened a great many perspectives on the concept of software and has been hailed as part of the solution to the so called software crisis It has given the possibility that software components can be constructedandreusedwithconsiderablymorecredibility Therearenowmany case studies in which the reuse of object oriented components has been made and analysed Object oriented programming relates the programming activity to that of modelling or simulation objects are identi ed by a correspondence with the objects found in the application area of the program and are used to model those domain operations Object oriented programming also opens the prospect of more exible software that is able to respond dynamically to the needs of the application at runtime It is very easy to think that object oriented programming can be performed in only one way The prevalence of C and Java suggests that they are the onlywaytoapproachtheproblemofwhatanobject orientedprogrammingl guage should look like There are many approaches to this way of programming andC andJavaexemplifyjustoneofthesedi erentapproaches Indeed the wayinwhichtheconceptoftheobjectisinterpreteddi ersbetweenapproaches and between languages The two main approaches found in object oriented programming languages are respectively class based and prototype based languages Class based l guages are exempli ed by Smalltalk 34 C 75 74 and Java 47 This 2 1 Introduction approach is based upon the identi cation of common properties of objects and their description in terms of a de nitional structure called a class The objects manipulated by class based programs are the result of instantiating classes This comprehensive examination of the main approaches to object oriented language explains the key features of the languages in use today Class based prototypes and actor languages are all looked at and compared in terms of their semantic concepts

Understanding the main principles and algorithms underlying a modern operating system is essential in undergraduate computer science. The complexity of this subject, however, means that mastering it requires significant practical experience. This unique book accomplishes just that: it teaches introductory subjects in OS design and implementation through hands-on engagement with OSP 2, the next generation of the highly popular OSP courseware.

This book exposes students to many essential features of operating systems while at the same time isolating them from low-level, machine-dependent concerns. With its accompanying software, the book contains enough projects for up to three semesters. Even one semester's study, however, suffices to cover page-replacement strategies in virtual memory management, CPU scheduling strategies, disk seek-time optimization and other issues in operating system design.

Features include:

• Provides an opportunity to practice OS design and implementation skills in a realistic, flexible, and easy-to-use systems programming environment that promotes "active learning" and reinforces lecture material.

• OSP 2 is written in Java, so that students learn an object-oriented approach to OS design and implementation.

• Contains many pedagogical tools: chapter goals, internet support for students and instructors; OSP 2 courseware and an instructors' manual, which includes helpful tips for course instructors and sample assignments, is available at www.springer.com/978-1-84628-842-5.

• Each chapter includes self-contained explanations of the OS concepts underlying the student project for that chapter.

Written for undergraduates in a first operating systems course, this text provides essential foundations through the user-friendly, highly flexible OSP 2 courseware environment.

Semantics will have an important role to play in the future development of software systems and domain specific languages, and there is a real need for an introductory book that presents the fundamental ideas behind these approaches; stresses their relationship by formulating and proving the relevant theorems; and illustrates the applications of semantics in computer science. Written out of a tradition that places special emphasis on operational semantics, denotational semantics and axiomatic semantics, this book investigates the relationship between the various methods and describes some of the main ideas used, illustrating these via interesting applications. Historically important application areas are used together with some exciting potential applications including: Validating prototype implementations of programming languages Verifying program analyses that are part of more advanced implementations of programming languages Verifying security analyses Verifying useful program properties including information about execution time. This is an introductory text that should serve as an appetizer to the whole area of semantics with applications Data Mining, the automatic extraction of implicit and potentially useful information from data, is increasingly used in commercial, scientific and other application areas. This book explains and explores the principal techniques of Data Mining: for classification, generation of association rules and clustering. It is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and focuses on detailed examples & explanations of the algorithms given. It can be used as a textbook to support courses at undergraduate or postgraduate levels in a wide range of subjects including Computer Science, Business Studies, Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics and Forensic Science. As an aid to self study, this book aims to help the general reader develop the necessary understanding to use commercial data mining packages discriminatingly, as well as enabling the advanced reader or academic researcher to understand or contribute to future technical advances in the field. Each chapter has practical exercises to enable readers to check their progress. A full glossary of technical terms used is included "Understanding the main principles and algorithms underlying a modern operating system is essential in undergraduate computer science. The complexity of this subject, however, means that mastering it requires significant practical experience. This unique book accomplishes just that: it teaches introductory subjects in OS design and implementation through hands-on engagement with OSP 2, the next generation of the highly popular OSP courseware." "This book exposes students to many essential features of operating systems while at the same time isolating them from low-level, machine-dependent concerns. With its accompanying software, the book contains enough projects for up to three semesters. Even one semester's study, however, suffices to cover page-replacement strategies in virtual memory management, CPU scheduling strategies, disk seek-time optimization and other issues in operating system design." "Written for undergraduates in a first operating systems course, this text provides essential foundations through the user-friendly, highly flexible OSP 2 courseware environment."--BOOK JACKET

Data Mining, the automatic extraction of implicit and potentially useful information from data, is increasingly used in commercial, scientific and other application areas.

This book explains and explores the principal techniques of Data Mining: for classification, generation of association rules and clustering. It is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and focuses on detailed examples and explanations of the algorithms given. This should prove of value to readers of all kinds, from those whose only use of data mining techniques will be via commercial packages right through to academic researchers.

This book aims to help the general reader develop the necessary understanding to use commercial data mining packages discriminatingly, as well as enabling the advanced reader to understand or contribute to future technical advances in the field. Each chapter has practical exercises to enable readers to check their progress. A full glossary of technical terms used is included.

OSP 2 is both an implementation of a modern operating system and a flexible environment for generating implementation projects appropriate for an introductory course in operating system design. This book is an introduction to the design and implementation of operating systems using OSP 2, the next generation of the highly popular OSP courseware for undergraduate operating system courses. Topics and Features: Process and thread management; Memory, Resource and I/0 device management; Interprocess communication; Gives opportunity to practice these skills in a realistic operating systems programming environment. This book contains enough projects for up to 3 semesters, exposing students to many essential features of operating systems, while at the same time isolating them from low-level machine-dependent concerns. Thus, even in 1 semester, students can learn about page-replacement strategies in virtual memory management, CPU-scheduling strategies, disk seek-time optimization & other issues in operating system design. Data Mining, the automatic extraction of implicit and potentially useful information from data, is increasingly used in commercial, scientific and other application areas. This book explains and explores the principal techniques of Data Mining: for classification, generation of association rules and clustering. It is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and focuses on detailed examples and explanations of the algorithms given. This should prove of value to readers of all kinds, from those whose only use of data mining techniques will be via commercial packages right through to academic researchers. This book aims to help the general reader develop the necessary understanding to use commercial data mining packages discriminatingly, as well as enabling the advanced reader to understand or contribute to future technical advances in the field. Each chapter has practical exercises to enable readers to check their progress. A full glossary of technical terms used is included.

Semantics will have an important role to play in the future development of software systems and domain specific languages, and there is a real need for an introductory book that presents the fundamental ideas behind these approaches; stresses their relationship by formulating and proving the relevant theorems; and illustrates the applications of semantics in computer science.

This book investigates the relationship between the various methods and describes some of the main ideas used, illustrating these via interesting applications. Historically important application areas are used together with some exciting potential applications including: Validating prototype implementations of programming languages. Verifying program analyses that are part of more advanced implementations of programming languages. Verifying security analyses. Verifying useful program properties including information about execution time.

Cover......Page 1 Introduction to Computer Graphics Using Java 2D and 3D......Page 4 Preface......Page 6 Contents......Page 10 List of Figures......Page 14 1 Introduction......Page 19 2 Basic principles of two-dimensional graphics......Page 24 3 Drawing lines and curves......Page 66 4 Areas, text and colours......Page 104 5 Basic principles of three-dimensional graphics......Page 130 6 Modelling three-dimensional objects......Page 165 7 Visible surface determination......Page 195 8 Illumination and shading......Page 216 9 Special effects and virtual reality......Page 254 Appendix: Useful links......Page 279 Appendix: Example programs......Page 281 Appendix: References to Java 2D classes and methods......Page 286 Appendix: References to Java 3D classes and methods......Page 288 Bibliography......Page 290 Index......Page 294 "Distributed processing has a strong theoretical foundation, but many day-to-day practitioners make limited use of the advantages this theory can give them. The result includes unreliable systems with obscure and intermittent failures that can cost time, money and in extreme cases, lives. Reliable construction of distributed and concurrent systems must incorporate theory in practice." "This book provides a concise presentation of the theory closely linked to the practical realisation of these concepts. This easy-to-follow textbook focuses on practical issues of building working distributed systems and gives an overview of the basic theory, principles and techniques, whilst illustrating how these fit together, via the process of building interesting, non-trivial systems."--Résumé de l'éditeur "Distributed processing has a strong theoretical foundation, but many day-to-day practitioners make limited use of the advantages this theory can give them. The result includes unreliable systems with obscure and intermittent failures that can cost time, money and in extreme cases, lives. Reliable construction of distributed and concurrent systems must incorporate theory in practice." "This book provides a concise presentation of the theory closely linked to the practical realisation of these concepts. This easy-to-follow textbook focuses on practical issues of building working distributed systems and gives an overview of the basic theory, principles and techniques, whilst illustrating how these fit together, via the process of building interesting, non-trivial systems."--Jacket "Semantics will have an important role to play in the future development of software systems and domain specific languages, and there is a real need for an introductory book that presents the fundamental ideas behind these approaches; stresses their relationship by formulating and proving the relevant theorems; and illustrates the applications of semantics in computer science." "Written out of a tradition that places special emphasis on operational semantics, denotational semantics and axiomatic semantics, this book investigates the relationship between the various methods and describes some of the main ideas used, illustrating these via interesting applications. Historically important application areas are used together with some exciting potential applications."--Jacket Semantics will play an important role in the future development of software systems and domain-specific languages. This book provides a needed introductory presentation of the fundamental ideas behind these approaches, stresses their relationship by formulating and proving the relevant theorems, and illustrates the applications of semantics in computer science. Historically important application areas are presented together with some exciting potential applications. The text investigates the relationship between various methods and describes some of the main ideas used, illustrating these by means of interesting applications. The book provides a rigorous introduction to the main approaches to formal semantics of programming languages. "This comprehensive examination of the main approaches to object-oriented language explains the key features of the languages in use today. Class-based, prototypes and Actor languages are all looked at and compared in terms of their semantic concepts. In providing such a wide-ranging comparison, this book provides a unique overview of the main approaches to object-oriented languages. Exercises of varying length, some of which can be extended into mini-projects, are included at the end of each chapter. The book can be used as part of courses on Comparative Programming Languages or Programming Language Semantics at Second or Third Year Undergraduate Level. Some understanding of programming language concepts is required."--Jacket This comprehensive examination of the main approaches to object-oriented language explains the key features of the languages in use today. Class-based, prototypes and Actor languages are all looked at and compared in terms of their semantic concepts. In providing such a wide-ranging comparison, this book provides a unique overview of the main approaches to object-oriented languages. Exercises of varying length, some of which can be extended into mini-projects are included at the end of each chapter. This book can be used as part of courses on Comparative Programming Languages or Programming Language Semantics at Second or Third Year Undergraduate Level. Some understanding of programming language concepts is required. Distributed processing has a strong theoretical foundation, but many day-to-day practitioners make limited use of the advantages this theory can give them. The result includes unreliable systems with obscure and intermittent failures, that can cost time, money and in extreme cases, lives. Reliable construction of distributed and concurrent systems must incorporate theory in practice. This book provides a concise presentation of the theory closely linked to the practical realization of these concepts. This highly practical presentation contains all the elements needed for a complete development of a distributed system. The book includes examples from C, Java and Eiffel, and sample code is available online. This book explains the principal techniques of data for classification, generation of association rules and clustering. It is written for readers without a strong background in mathematics or statistics and focuses on detailed examples and explanations of the algorithms given. This will benefit readers of all levels, from those who use data mining via commercial packages, right through to academic researchers. The book aims to help the general reader develop the necessary understanding to use commercial data mining packages, and to enable advanced readers to understand or contribute to future technical advances. Includes exercises and glossary. This book is an introduction to the design and implementation of operating systems using OSP 2, the next generation of the highly popular OSP courseware for undergraduate operating system courses. Coverage details process and thread management; memory, resource and I/0 device management; and interprocess communication. The book allows students to practice these skills in a realistic operating systems programming environment. An Instructors Manual details how to use the OSP Project Generator and sample assignments. Even in one semester, students can learn a host of issues in operating system design.