Interplant Resource Integration : Optimization and Allocation

Interplant Resource Integration: Optimization and Allocation presents an introduction to the planning and implementation methods for interplant resource integration. The analytic tools provided in this book can be used for the tasks of formulating mathematical programming model(s) to maximize the achievable overall savings and also for devising the "fair" distribution scheme(s) to allocate individual financial benefits among the participating plants. Offers tools for gaining economic benefit and environmental friendliness Presents methods for realistically feasible solutions Provides concrete mathematical modeling procedures Familiarizes readers with various network synthesis approaches and shows alternative viewpoints that can be adopted to model the interactions of participating members in an interplant resource integration scheme Aimed at chemical engineers, process engineers, industrial chemists, mechanical engineers in the fields of chemical processing and plant engineering. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Authors Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Development of Process Integration 1.3 Single- and Multi-Plant Process Integration 1.3.1 Multi-Plant Heat Integration 1.3.2 Multi-Plant Water Integration 1.3.3 Benefit Allocation 1.4 Supply Chain Management 1.5 Summary References Chapter 2 Multi-Plant HEN Designs for Continuous Processes: Optimization from a Total-Site Perspective 2.1 Sequential Synthesis 2.1.1 Minimum Total Utility Cost 2.1.2 Minimum Total Number of Matches 2.1.3 Minimum Total Capital Cost 2.2 Simultaneous Synthesis 2.3 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 3 Indirect HEN Designs for Batch Processes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Problem Statement 3.3 Conceptual Structure of Heat Storage Systems 3.4 Model Formulation 3.4.1 Overall Heat Balance of the Recirculated HTM 3.4.2 Heat Balance for Series-Type Heat Exchange Units 3.4.3 Heat Balance for Parallel-Type Heat Exchange Units 3.4.4 Heat Balance for the HTM 3.4.5 Calculation of the Approach Temperature 3.4.6 Maximum Number of Tanks 3.4.7 Temperature Trend of HTM Tanks 3.4.8 HTM Levels in Storage Tanks 3.4.9 Logical Constraints 3.4.10 Objective Functions 3.5 Illustrative Examples 3.5.1 Example 1 3.5.2 Example 2 3.6 Summary Nomenclature References Chapter 4 Benefit Allocation Methods for Interplant Heat Integration Based on Non-Cooperative Games 4.1 An Illustrative Example 4.2 Direct Integration 4.2.1 Minimum Acceptable Site-Wide Utility Cost 4.2.2 Feasible Interplant Heat Flows and Their Fair Trade Prices 4.2.3 Minimum Number of Matches and Their Heat Duties 4.2.4 Optimal Network Configuration 4.2.5 An Additional Example of the Direct Interplant HEN Synthesis Strategy 4.3 Indirect Integration 4.4 Using Utilities as Auxiliary Streams 4.4.1 Step 1 of Indirect Strategy I 4.4.2 Step 2 of Indirect Strategy I 4.4.3 Step 3 of Indirect Strategy I 4.4.4 Step 4 of Indirect Strategy I 4.4.5 Application of Indirect Strategy I for Multi-Plant HEN Synthesis 4.5 Using Intermediate Fluids as Auxiliary Streams 4.5.1 Step 1 of Indirect Strategy II 4.5.2 Step 2 of Indirect Strategy II 4.5.3 Step 3 of Indirect Strategy II 4.5.4 Step 4 of Indirect Strategy II 4.5.5 Application of Indirect Strategy II for Multi-Plant HEN Synthesis 4.6 Distinct Features in Application Results of Illustrative Example 4.7 Extra Case Studies on Indirect Strategies 4.7.1 Indirect Strategy I 4.7.2 Indirect Strategy II 4.7.3 Cost Analysis 4.8 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 5 Fair Benefit Allocation to Facilitate Interplant Heat Integration Based on Cooperative Games 5.1 Risk-Based Shapley Values 5.1.1 Core 5.1.2 Conventional Shapley Values 5.1.3 Potential Fallout of Coalition 5.1.4 The Defective Coalition 5.1.5 Benefits/Costs Allocated to Members of a Defective Coalition 5.1.6 Expected Loss Due to Unscheduled Plant Shutdown(s) 5.1.7 Computation of Risk-Based Shapley Values 5.2 Grass-Root Designs 5.2.1 Superstructure of Multi-Plant Heat Exchanger Networks 5.2.2 Model Constraints 5.2.3 Computation Procedure 5.2.4 Example 5.1 5.3 Retrofit Designs 5.3.1 Extra Constraints Needed for Implementing Strategy 1 5.3.2 Extra Constraints Needed for Implementing Strategy 2 5.3.3 Extra Constraints Needed for Implementing Strategy 3 5.3.4 Objective Function 5.3.4.1 Cost Models for Applying Strategy 1 5.3.4.2 Cost Models for Applying Strategy 2 5.3.4.3 Cost Models for Applying Strategy 3 5.3.5 Example 5.2 5.3.5.1 Optimal Solution Obtained by Applying Strategy 1 5.3.5.2 Optimal Solution Obtained with Strategy 2 5.3.5.3 Optimal Solution Obtained with Strategy 3 5.3.5.4 Benefit Allocation with Shapley Values 5.4 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 6 Multi-Plant Water Network Designs for Continuous and Batch Processes 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Problem Statement 6.3 Solution Approach 6.4 Model Formulation 6.4.1 Stage 1: Synthesis of a Continuously Operated IPWN 6.4.1.1 Mass Balances for Water-Using Units 6.4.1.2 Mass Balances for Water Mains 6.4.1.3 Logical and IPWI Constraints 6.4.2 Stage 2: Determination of the Storage Policy 6.4.2.1 Flowrate Balance for Batch Units 6.4.2.2 Flow Balance for Storage Tanks 6.4.3 Objective Functions 6.5 Illustrative Examples 6.5.1 Example 1 6.5.2 Example 2 6.6 Summary Nomenclature References Chapter 7 Total-Site Water Integration Based on a Cooperative-Game Model 7.1 Multi-Plant Water Network Design 7.1.1 Unit Models 7.1.1.1 Water Sources 7.1.1.2 Water-Using Units 7.1.1.3 Water-Treatment Units 7.1.1.4 Water Sinks 7.1.1.5 Water Mains 7.1.2 Superstructure of Water Network in a Single Plant 7.1.2.1 Outlet Splitter of a Water Source in Plant p 7.1.2.2 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Water-Using Unit in Plant p 7.1.2.3 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Water-Treatment Unit in Plant p 7.1.2.4 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Local Water Main in Plant p 7.1.2.5 Inlet Mixer of a Water Sink in Plant p 7.1.3 MPWN Superstructure 7.1.3.1 Outlet Splitter of a Water Source within MPWN 7.1.3.2 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Water-Using Unit within MPWN 7.1.3.3 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Water-Treatment Unit within MPWN 7.1.3.4 Inlet Mixer and Outlet Splitter of a Local Water Main within MPWN 7.1.3.5 Inlet Mixer of a Water Sink within MPWN 7.1.4 Cost Models 7.2 Integration Strategies 7.3 An Illustrative Example 7.3.1 Single-Plant Water Networks 7.3.2 MPWN Designs 7.3.2.1 Strategy I 7.3.2.2 Strategy II 7.4 Benefit Allocation Based on Cooperative Game Model 7.4.1 Core 7.4.2 Traditional Shapley Values 7.4.3 Risk-Based Shapley Values 7.5 Concluding Remarks References Appendix: Defective MPWN Designs in Illustrative Example Chapter 8 A Model-Based Method for Planning and Scheduling of Petroleum Supply Chain 8.1 Production Units in Conversion Refineries 8.2 Basic Unit Models 8.2.1 Reaction Processes 8.2.2 Separation Processes 8.2.3 Storage Processes 8.3 Supply Chain Structure 8.3.1 Mixer and Distributor Connections 8.3.2 Transportation Capacity 8.3.3 Input Constraints 8.3.4 Output Constraints 8.4 Objective Function 8.5 Case Studies 8.6 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 9 A Decentralized Petroleum Supply-Chain Management Model for Maximum Overall Profit and Reasonable Benefit Allocation 9.1 Profit Allocation Methods among Supply Chain Members: A Simple Example 9.1.1 Benefit Allocation Plan 9.1.2 Coalition Stability 9.1.3 Negotiation Power 9.2 Petroleum Supply Chain: A Realistic Example 9.3 Case Studies 9.3.1 Case 1 9.3.2 Case 2 9.3.3 Case 3 9.3.4 Case 4 9.3.5 Case 5 9.3.6 Case 6 9.4 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 10 Coordinated Supply Chain Management: Biomass 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Problem Statement 10.3 Model Formulation 10.4 Case Studies 10.4.1 Case Study 1 10.4.2 Case Study 2 10.4.3 Case Study 3 10.5 Summary Nomenclature References Index "This book presents an introduction to the planning and implementation methods for interplant resource integration. The analytic tools provided in the book can be used for the tasks of formulating mathematical programming model(s) to maximize the achievable overall saving and also devising the "fair" distribution scheme(s) to allocate individual financial benefits among the participating plants. The superstructures of various resource-exchange networks, their model formulations, and the corresponding allocation algorithms are given in sufficient detail to facilitate practical applications"-- Provided by publisher