The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented development and growth in global wireless communications systems, technologies and network “traffic” generated over network infrastructures.This book presents state-of-the-art energy-efficient techniques, designs and implementations that pertain to wireless communication networks such as cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs) including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as they are deployed across the world to facilitate “always on” reliable high-speed wireless access from anywhere, at anytime to accommodate the new paradigm of the “Internet of Things” (IoT).The pervasive and exponential growth of Wi-Fi and the impact of bandwidth-intensive applications on the energy consumption of Wi-Fi-enabled devices are discussed along with energy harvesting as an advantageous option to power WAHNs.The book aims to serve as a useful reference for researchers, students, regulatory authorities, and educators. Content: Chapter 1 Energy Efficiency in Cellular Networks (pages 1–16): Oswald Jumira and Sherali ZeadallyChapter 2 Energy Efficiency in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (pages 17–36): Oswald Jumira and Sherali ZeadallyChapter 3 Energy Efficiency in Wireless Local Area Networks (pages 37–48): Oswald Jumira and Sherali ZeadallyChapter 4 Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks (pages 49–64): Oswald Jumira and Sherali ZeadallyChapter 5 Future Challenges and Opportunities (pages 65–78): Oswald Jumira and Sherali Zeadally Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks 2 Copyright 3 Table Of Contents 4 Preface 7 CHAPTER 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN CELLULAR NETWORKS 11 1.1. Overview of cellular communication networks 11 1.2. Metrics for measuring energy efficiency in cellular wireless communication systems 14 1.3. Energy efficiency in base stations 14 1.4. Energy-efficient cellular network design 20 1.5. Interference management and 21 1.6. Enabling technologies 22 1.6.1. Energy-efficient communication via cognitive radio 22 1.6.2. Using cooperative relays to support energy-efficient communication 23 1.6.2.1. Enabling energy-efficient communication via fixed relays 24 1.6.2.2. Communications in cellular networks via user cooperation 25 CHAPTER 2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS 26 2.1. Overview of wireless ad hoc networks 26 2.2. Metrics for measuring energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks 27 2.3. Energy losses in wireless ad hoc networks 28 2.4. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks 29 2.4.1. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks 30 2.5. Mobile ad hoc networks MANETs 41 2.5.1. Energy efficiency in mobile ad hoc networks 42 CHAPTER 3. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 46 3.1. Overview of wireless local area networks 46 3.2. Energy consumption metrics for WLANs 48 3.3. Energy efficiency in WLANs 49 3.3.1. Physical layer-based energy-efficient schemes 49 3.3.2. Medium access control MAC layer-based energy-efficient schemes 49 3.3.3. Cross-layer-based energy-efficient schemes 52 3.4. Energy efficiency strategies in IEEE 802.11n 55 CHAPTER 4. ENERGY HARVESTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 57 4.1. Energy harvesting 57 4.1.1. The harvesting concept 61 4.1.1.1. Universal energy-harvesting model 62 4.2. Harvesting techniques 63 4.2.1. Mechanical energy sources 63 4.2.2. Thermal energy sources 65 4.2.3. Radiation energy sources 66 4.2.4. Comparison of harvesting sources 68 4.3. Energy harvesting storage devices 69 4.4. Power management for EH-WSN 70 4.4.1. Discussion on power management for energy harvesting systems 71 4.5. Conclusion 72 CHAPTER 5. FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 73 5.1. Energy efficiency in cellular networks 73 5.1.1. Low-energy spectrum sensing 74 5.1.2. Energy-aware medium access control and energy-efficient routing 74 5.1.3. Energy-efficient resource management in heterogeneous cellular networks 75 5.1.4. Cross-layer design and optimization 75 5.1.5. Energy considerations in practical deployments of cooperative and cognitive radio systems 76 5.2. Energy efficiency in ad hoc networks 77 5.2.1. Sampling techniques 77 5.2.2. MAC protocols 78 5.2.3. Routing 78 5.2.4. Mobility challenges 79 5.2.5. Cognitive radio technology applied in wireless ad hoc networks 79 5.3. Energy efficiency in WLAN 79 5.3.1. IEEE 802.11ac gigabit Wi-Fi 79 5.3.2. MIMO-based WLAN 80 5.3.3. Super Wi-Fi IEEE 802.22 80 5.4. Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks 81 5.4.1. Challenges for energy harvesting in harsh conditions 81 5.4.2. Radiation-based energy harvesters 82 5.4.3. Mechanical sources 82 5.4.4. Thermal sources 83 5.4.5. Medical energy harvesting for wireless sensor devices 83 5.5. Energy efficiency for wireless technologies for developing countries 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY 86 LIST OF ACRONYMS 104 INDEX 108 The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented development and growth in global wireless communications systems, technologies and network traffic generated over network infrastructures. This book presents state-of-the-art energy-efficient techniques, designs and implementations that pertain to wireless communication networks such as cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs) including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as they are deployed across the world to facilitate always on reliable high-speed wireless access from anywhere, at anytime to accommodate the new paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). The pervasive and exponential growth of Wi-Fi and the impact of bandwidth-intensive applications on the energy consumption of Wi-Fi-enabled devices are discussed along with energy harvesting as an advantageous option to power WAHNs.Oswald Jumira is a telecommunications engineering researcher based in Cape Town, South Africa. Sherali Zeadally is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology at the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., USA. Publisher's note
The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented development and growth in global wireless communications systems, technologies and network “traffic” generated over network infrastructures.
This book presents state-of-the-art energy-efficient techniques, designs and implementations that pertain to wireless communication networks such as cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs) including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as they are deployed across the world to facilitate “always on” reliable high-speed wireless access from anywhere, at anytime to accommodate the new paradigm of the “Internet of Things” (IoT).
The pervasive and exponential growth of Wi-Fi and the impact of bandwidth-intensive applications on the energy consumption of Wi-Fi-enabled devices are discussed along with energy harvesting as an advantageous option to power WAHNs.
The book aims to serve as a useful reference for researchers, students, regulatory authorities, and educators.
