Electric Motor Control, 9th Edition

With a highly practical approach, ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL, 9E provides a useful and effective tool for anyone who will install, monitor, and/or maintain motor controls. The book begins by introducing the simplest of equipment and then builds upon this knowledge, step-by-step, enabling readers to learn how to draw and interpret motor control schematic diagrams. Subsequent units provide useful information on motor control components and how they are connected to form complete control circuits. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 9 SECTION 1: Introduction......Page 12 MOTOR CONTROL INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 14 PURPOSE OF CONTROLLER......Page 16 MANUAL CONTROL......Page 17 REMOTE AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL......Page 18 STARTING AND STOPPING......Page 21 SPEED CONTROL OF MOTORS......Page 22 PROTECTIVE FEATURES......Page 23 CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC MOTOR STARTING CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 24 Study Questions......Page 26 FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MANUAL MOTOR STARTERS......Page 28 MANUAL PUSH-BUTTON LINE VOLTAGE STARTERS......Page 30 THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION......Page 32 Study Questions......Page 33 MAGNETIC STARTERS VERSUS MANUAL......Page 34 STARTER ELECTROMAGNETS......Page 35 SHADED POLE PRINCIPLE......Page 37 MAGNET COIL......Page 38 MOTOR OVERHEAT......Page 39 OVERLOAD CONTACTS......Page 49 AC MAGNETIC STARTERS......Page 50 AC COMBINATION STARTERS......Page 51 VACUUM CONTACTORS......Page 54 NEMA AND IEC......Page 55 Study Questions......Page 57 SECTION 2: Circuit Layout, Connections, and Symbols......Page 60 UNIT 4: Symbols......Page 62 SENSING DEVICES......Page 66 EXPLANATION OF COMMON SYMBOLS......Page 69 Study Questions......Page 71 LINE DIAGRAMS AND WIRING DIAGRAMS......Page 74 THREE-WIRE CONTROL......Page 77 TARGET TABLES......Page 79 MOTOR NAMEPLATE DATA AND WIRING INTERPRETATION......Page 80 MOTOR POWER AND GREATER EFFICIENCY......Page 82 REVERSING A SINGLE-PHASE MOTOR WITH A DRUM SWITCH......Page 83 Study Questions......Page 87 SECTION 3: Control Pilot Devices......Page 90 PUSH BUTTONS......Page 92 SELECTOR SWITCHES......Page 94 CONTROL STATIONS......Page 95 Study Questions......Page 96 CONTROL RELAYS......Page 98 SOLID-STATE RELAY......Page 101 SURGE PROTECTION......Page 102 THERMOSTAT RELAY......Page 104 Study Questions......Page 105 CONTACTORS......Page 106 AC MECHANICALLY HELD CONTACTORS AND RELAYS......Page 109 Study Questions......Page 112 PNEUMATIC TIMERS......Page 114 MOTOR-DRIVEN TIMERS......Page 116 CAPACITOR TIME LIMIT RELAY......Page 117 ELECTRONIC TIMERS......Page 118 SELECTING A TIMING RELAY......Page 120 Study Questions......Page 122 UNIT 10: Pressure Switches and Regulators......Page 124 Study Questions......Page 127 UNIT 11: Float Switches......Page 128 MERCURY BULB FLOAT SWITCH......Page 130 Study Questions......Page 132 UNIT 12: Flow Switches......Page 134 Study Questions......Page 137 LIMIT SWITCHES......Page 138 SOLID-STATE PROXIMITY SWITCHES......Page 139 Study Questions......Page 144 UNIT 14: Phase Failure Relays......Page 146 LARGE MOTOR CURRENT MONITOR......Page 147 Study Questions......Page 148 TWO-WAY SOLENOID VALVES......Page 150 FOUR-WAY SOLENOID VALVES......Page 151 Study Questions......Page 153 SOLID-STATE TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 154 Study Questions......Page 156 SECTION 4: Basic Control Circuits......Page 158 UNIT 17: Two-Wire Controls......Page 160 Study Questions......Page 162 THREE-WIRE CONTROLS......Page 164 ALARM SILENCING CIRCUIT......Page 165 SEPARATE CONTROL......Page 166 Study Questions......Page 168 UNIT 19: Hand-Off Automatic Controls......Page 170 Study Questions......Page 172 UNIT 20: Multiple Push-Button Stations......Page 174 Study Questions......Page 175 MECHANICAL INTERLOCK......Page 176 PUSH-BUTTON INTERLOCK......Page 177 AUXILIARY CONTACT INTERLOCK......Page 179 Study Questions......Page 182 AUTOMATIC SEQUENCE CONTROL......Page 184 LOGIC CONCEPT AND CONTROL FUNCTION......Page 186 SOLID-STATE LOGIC ELEMENTS......Page 187 Study Questions......Page 190 JOGGING CONTROL CIRCUITS......Page 192 JOGGING USING A CONTROL RELAY......Page 193 Study Questions......Page 196 UNIT 24: Time-Delay, Low-Voltage Release Relay......Page 198 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION......Page 199 Study Questions......Page 200 SECTION 5: AC Reduced Voltage Starters......Page 202 THE MOTOR......Page 204 TYPICAL STARTING METHODS......Page 208 Study Questions......Page 209 PRIMARY RESISTOR-TYPE STARTERS......Page 210 Study Questions......Page 215 UNIT 27: Autotransformer Starters......Page 216 Study Questions......Page 220 UNIT 28: Part Winding Motor Starters......Page 222 TWO-STEP STARTING......Page 223 OVERLOAD PROTECTION......Page 224 Study Questions......Page 226 APPLICATIONS......Page 228 OPERATION......Page 229 CLOSED TRANSITION STARTING......Page 230 Study Questions......Page 233 THE NEED FOR SOLID-STATE CONTROL......Page 234 SOLID-STATE REDUCED VOLTAGE MOTOR STARTING......Page 235 SOLID-STATE CONTROL WITH EXISTING MAGNETIC DEVICES......Page 237 ENERGY SAVING......Page 238 APPLICATION......Page 240 Study Questions......Page 241 SECTION 6: Three-Phase, Multispeed Controllers......Page 242 THE MOTOR......Page 244 CONTROLLERS......Page 245 Study Questions......Page 248 UNIT 32: Two-Speed, One-Winding (Consequent Pole) Motor Controller......Page 250 TWO-SPEED STARTER WITH REVERSING CONTROLS......Page 254 Study Questions......Page 257 COMPELLING RELAYS......Page 258 Study Questions......Page 262 SECTION 7: Wound Rotor (Slip Ring) Motor Controllers......Page 264 UNIT 34: Wound Rotor Motors and Manual Speed Control......Page 266 Study Questions......Page 270 UNIT 35: Push-Button Speed Selection......Page 272 Study Questions......Page 274 UNIT 36: Automatic Acceleration for Wound Rotor Motors......Page 276 AUTOMATIC ACCELERATION WITH REVERSING CONTROL......Page 277 AUTOMATIC ACCELERATION USING FREQUENCY RELAYS......Page 278 Study Questions......Page 280 UNIT 37: Automatic Speed Control for Wound Rotor Motors......Page 282 Study Questions......Page 284 SLIP POWER RECOVERY......Page 286 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITORS......Page 287 Study Questions......Page 289 SECTION 8: Synchronous Motor Controls......Page 290 UNIT 39: Synchronous Motor Operation......Page 292 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION BY SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR......Page 293 BRUSHLESS SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS......Page 294 Study Questions......Page 296 UNIT 40: Push-Button Synchronizing......Page 298 Study Questions......Page 301 UNIT 41: Timed Semiautomatic Synchronizing......Page 302 Study Questions......Page 304 ROTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT......Page 306 SUMMARY OF AUTOMATIC STARTER OPERATION......Page 309 BRUSHLESS SOLID-STATE MOTOR EXCITATION......Page 311 Study Questions......Page 312 SECTION 9: Direct-Current Controllers......Page 314 MOTOR CONSTRUCTION......Page 316 TYPES OF DC MOTORS......Page 317 SPEED CONTROL......Page 318 STARTING THE MOTOR......Page 320 Study Questions......Page 321 UNIT 44: Use of Reduced Voltage for Starting......Page 322 Study Questions......Page 324 UNIT 45: Across-the-Line Starting......Page 326 Study Questions......Page 328 COUNTER EMF CONTROLLER......Page 330 FIELD ACCELERATING RELAY......Page 331 DEFINITE TIME CONTROL STARTING......Page 332 Study Questions......Page 334 STARTING THE MOTOR......Page 336 DC ADJUSTABLE SPEED CONTROL FROM SINGLE-PHASE AC......Page 337 DC ADJUSTABLE SPEED CONTROL,THREE PHASE......Page 338 SELF-TEST DIAGNOSTICS......Page 340 Study Questions......Page 343 SECTION 10: Methods of Deceleration......Page 344 PLUGGING SWITCHES AND APPLICATIONS......Page 346 PLUGGING WITH THE USE OF A TIMING RELAY......Page 348 ALTERNATE CIRCUITS FOR PLUGGING SWITCH......Page 349 ANTIPLUGGING PROTECTION......Page 350 Study Questions......Page 353 UNIT 49: Electric Brakes......Page 354 DC MAGNETIC BRAKES......Page 355 Study Questions......Page 357 UNIT 50: Dynamic and Regenerative Braking......Page 358 DYNAMIC BRAKING FOR LIGHT-DUTY EQUIPMENT......Page 360 DYNAMIC BRAKING FOR A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR......Page 361 Study Questions......Page 363 APPLICATION......Page 364 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION OF AN ELECTRIC BRAKING CIRCUIT......Page 365 ELECTRIC BRAKING FOR A WOUND ROTOR MOTOR......Page 367 Study Questions......Page 370 SECTION 11: Motor Drives......Page 372 DIRECTLY COUPLED DRIVE INSTALLATION......Page 374 PULLEY DRIVES......Page 376 Study Questions......Page 378 UNIT 53: Gear Motors......Page 380 Study Questions......Page 382 UNIT 54: Variable-Frequency Mechanical Drives......Page 384 Study Questions......Page 386 VARIABLE-FREQUENCY DRIVE OPERATING PRINCIPLES......Page 388 Study Questions......Page 395 ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED MAGNETIC CLUTCHES......Page 396 MAGNETIC DRIVES......Page 398 Study Questions......Page 400 UNIT 57: DC Variable-Speed Control—Motor Drives......Page 402 MODIFICATIONS......Page 404 Study Questions......Page 406 PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS......Page 408 INSTALLATION......Page 412 PROGRAMMER TERMINAL......Page 413 MOTOR CONTROL CENTER......Page 416 STEPPER MOTORS......Page 418 SELF-SYNCHRONOUS (SELSYN) TRANSMISSION SYSTEM......Page 419 Study Questions......Page 422 SECTION 12: Troubleshooting......Page 424 MOTOR STARTUP......Page 426 MOTOR MOUNTS......Page 427 TROUBLESHOOTING BASICS......Page 428 HOW TO FIND AN INTERMITTENT FAULT......Page 430 SOLID-STATE EQUIPMENT......Page 436 Study Questions......Page 437 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......Page 438 VOLTMETER BASICS......Page 439 TEST PROCEDURE EXAMPLE 1......Page 441 TEST PROCEDURE EXAMPLE 2......Page 443 TEST PROCEDURE EXAMPLE 3......Page 445 Study Questions......Page 450 Appendix A: Motor Types and Line Diagrams......Page 452 Appendix B: Power Supplies......Page 454 Glossary......Page 456 Index......Page 464