Cloud IoT : Concepts, Paradigms, and Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most disruptive technologies, enabling ubiquitous and pervasive computing scenarios. IoT is based on intelligent self-configuring nodes (also known as things) interconnected in a dynamic and global collaborative network infrastructure. In contrast, Cloud computing has virtually unlimited capabilities in terms of storage and processing power, speed, and is a more mature technology. Due to intrinsic nature of Cloud computing and IoT, they both complement each other. Recently, we are witnessing an increasing trend in exploiting use of both Cloud and IoT together. Salient Features: • Presents latest developments in Cloud computing • Presents latest developments in Internet of Things • Establishes links between interdisciplinary areas where IoT and Cloud both can play a role for improvement of process • Intends to provide an insight into non-IT related models for improvement of lives • Bridges the gap between obsolete literature and current literature This book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduates working with IoT and cloud computing. Researchers, academicians, policy makers, government officials, NGOs, and industry research professionals would also find the book useful. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors’ Biographies List of Contributors Part I: Integrating IoT and Cloud Chapter 1: Challenges Generated by the Integration of Cloud and IoT 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background and Basic Concepts 1.2.1 Internet of Things 1.2.2 Cloud 1.2.2.1 Why Cloud Computing? 1.2.2.2 Classifications of Cloud Computing 1.2.2.3 Cloud Computing Services 1.2.2.4 Cloud Computing Architecture 1.2.2.5 Cloud Security Concerns 1.3 Need for and the Benefits of Cloud-IoT Integration 1.4 Cloud and IoT: Drivers for Integration 1.5 Integration Challenges 1.6 Healthcare Application through Cloud IoT References Chapter 2: Practical Implementation of an Asset Management System According to ISO 55001: A Future Direction in the Cloud and IoT Paradigm 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Preliminary Questions and Answers 2.2.1 How Is the Physical Asset Linked with the Accountability Concept? 2.2.2 Why Should a Company Invest in Implementing an AM System? 2.3 Practical Clarification on Asset Management Concept 2.4 Practical View on ISO 55000 Family of Standards 2.5 Review of Tools for the Asset Management System 2.5.1 Asset Inventory and Criticality Analysis 2.5.2 Process for Non-Critical Assets 2.5.3 Process for Critical Assets 2.6 Intelligent Asset Management Focused on CloudIoT 2.7 Conclusions and Future Research Lines References Chapter 3: ERP on the Cloud: Evolution, Benefits, and Critical Success Factors 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Evolution of ERP Systems 3.2.1 MRP: Predicting Material Requirement (1960–1970s) 3.2.2 MRP-II: Managing the Manufacturing Resources (the 1980s) 3.2.3 ERP: Integrating the Enterprise (the 1990s) 3.2.4 ERP-II: Going beyond the Enterprise (the 2000s) 3.2.5 ERP-III (2010 and Beyond) 3.3 Benefits of Cloud ERP 3.4 Critical Success Factors for Cloud ERP 3.4.1 CSFs Drawn from Earlier ERP Research 3.4.2 CSFs Specific to Cloud ERP 3.5 Towards the Enterprise of Things References Chapter 4: Case Study Based on Optimal Inspection Timing for a Motor-Fan Assembly: A View on Performance and Reliability in Cloud IoT 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Cost-Risk Analysis Model 4.3 Inspection Purpose and On-Condition Techniques 4.3.1 Condition Based Tasks 4.3.2 The Net P-F Interval 4.3.3 Categories of On-Condition Techniques 4.4 Optimal Inspection Timing Assessment Model 4.5 Case Study 4.6 Results and Conclusions References Part II: Addressing Climate Change Chapter 5: Predictive Edge Computing of SST Time-Series-Based Marine Warning System using Cloud Computing Infrastructure 5.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces 5.2 Literature Review 5.3 Proposed Set up 5.4 NonLinear Auto Regression (NAR) using MATLAB Tool 5.5 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) using Python Programming 5.6 Error Parameters Used in the Proposed Optimized Algorithms and Time Series Plots 5.7 Outcome References Chapter 6: Solar PV and HTC-PFM Device: A Scheme for Smart Poultry Farm 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Literature Review 6.3 Proposed Design 6.4 Site Selection 6.5 Feasibility Analysis 6.6 ‘HTC-PFM’ Device Implementation 6.6.1 System Software Design 6.6.2 System Hardware Design 6.6.3 Design Prototype 6.6.4 Implemented ‘HTC-PFM’ Application 6.7 Required Electricity Demand Calculation 6.8 Specification of Solar PV Power Plant for Poultry Farm 6.8.1 Specification for the Panel 6.8.2 Required Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 6.8.3 Sizing of Inverter 6.8.4 Sizing of Charge Controller 6.8.5 Specifications for the Charge Controller 6.8.6 Specifications for the Battery 6.8.7 Sizing of Battery 6.9 Results 6.10 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Cloud IoT for Pollution Monitoring: A Multivariate Weighted Ensemble Forecasting Approach for Prediction of Suspended Particulate Matter 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.2.1 Role of IoT Technologies and Cloud for Air-Pollution Monitoring 7.2.2 Machine Learning Models for Air-Pollution Monitoring 7.3 Methodology 7.3.1 Data 7.3.2 Data Pre-Processing 7.3.3 Models 7.3.3.1 Multilayer Perceptron 7.3.3.2 Long-Short Term Memory 7.3.3.3 Convolution Neural Network 7.3.3.4 Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables 7.3.3.5 Ensemble Model 7.3.4 Optimization of Model Parameters 7.4 Results 7.5 Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgment References Chapter 8: Energy Balance Indicators Calculation Software Solution for Energy Management Systems 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methods for Determining the Energy Efficiency of Buildings 8.3 Procedure for Energy Efficiency Certification 8.4 Structure of the Building Energy Certificate 8.5 Block Diagram of the Process of Calculating the Energy Certificate of the Building 8.6 Software Development 8.7 Conclusions References Part III: Smart Living Chapter 9: A Comparison of Cloud-IoT-Based Frameworks of Identification and Monitoring of Covid-19 Cases 9.1 Introduction 9.2 System Architecture for Applications 9.2.1 Centralized Architecture 9.2.2 Decentralized Architecture 9.2.3 Hybrid Architecture 9.3 Overview of the Applications for Contact Tracing 9.3.1 Aarogya Setu 9.3.2 TraceTogether 9.3.3 CovidSafe 9.3.4 Apple/Google Exposure Notification 9.3.5 Corona-Warn-App 9.4 Privacy Concerns 9.4.1 Common Concerns 9.4.2 Concerns with Centralized Architecture 9.4.3 Concerns with Decentralized Architecture 9.4.4 TraceTogether 9.4.5 Aarogya Setu 9.5 Types of Attacks 9.5.1 Replay Attack 9.5.2 Denial of Service (DoS) 9.5.3 User Enumeration 9.5.4 Linkage Attacks 9.5.5 User Abuse 9.5.6 Carryover Attack 9.5.7 Trolling Attacks 9.5.8 Bluejacking 9.5.9 BlueSnarfing 9.5.10 Ransomware 9.5.11 Bluebugging 9.6 Approach for Prospective Solution 9.7 CloudIoT in Healthcare 9.7.1 Proposed Architecture 9.7.1.1 Hardware Layer 9.7.1.2 Communication Layer 9.7.1.3 Shared Blockchain Ledger 9.7.1.4 Application Layer 9.8 Conclusion and Future work References Chapter 10: Telemedicine, Telehealth, and E-health: A Digital Transfiguration of Standard Healthcare System 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Telemedicine Programs 10.1.2 Domains under Telemedicine Technology 10.1.3 Telemedicine Information Types 10.1.4 Telemedicine Service System 10.1.5 Telemedicine in India 10.1.6 Applications of Telemedicine 10.1.7 Telemedicine Challenges 10.1.8 Future of Telemedicine 10.2 Telehealth 10.2.1 Method and Processes 10.2.2 Telehealth Types 10.2.3 Majors Trends 10.2.4 Telehealth Advantages 10.2.5 Telehealth Disadvantages 10.2.6 Growth of Telehealth for the Past Nine Years 10.3 E-health 10.3.1 Areas of E-health 10.3.2 Challenges for E-Health 10.3.3 The Ten Most Common E's in “E-Health” 10.3.4 Pros and Cons of (E-Health) 10.4 Conclusion References Chapter 11: The Smart Accident Predictor System using Internet of Things 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature Review 11.2.1 Transportation in Smart City: Advantages and Real-Life Solutions 11.2.2 Components of Smart City Transportation 11.2.3 Interconnected Vehicles 11.2.4 Mobility as a Service (MaaS) 11.2.5 Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) 11.3 Methodology 11.3.1 Information Gathering and Data Processing 11.3.2 DBSCAN Data Clustering 11.3.3 Negative Sampling 11.4 Experimental Setup and Results 11.5 Conclusion References Chapter 12: An Efficient Lightweight Location Privacy Scheme for Internet of Vehicles (IOVs) 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Motivation 12.2 Related Work 12.3 Proposed Work 12.4 Conclusion and Future Work References Chapter 13: Energy-Efficient Privacy-Preserving Vehicle Registration (ENTRANCE) Protocol for V2X Communication in VANET 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Related Work 13.3 ENTRANCE System Model 13.3.1 Assumptions 13.4 Proposed ENTRANCE Scheme 13.4.1 Certificate Generation by Trusted Authority 13.4.2 Vehicle Registration Phase 13.4.3 RSU Registration Phase 13.5 Informal Analysis 13.5.1 Man-in-the-Middle Attack 13.5.2 Eavesdropping Attack (or) Network Sniffing 13.5.3 Masquerade Attack (or) Impersonation Attack (or) Spoofing Attack 13.5.4 Replay Attack (or) Playback Attack 13.5.5 Message Modification Attack 13.5.6 Brute Force Attack 13.5.7 Denial of Service Attack (DoS) 13.5.8 Flaw Attack 13.5.9 Key Replication Attack 13.6 Experimental Setup 13.6.1 Simulation Results 13.7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Part IV: Security Chapter 14: Emotion Independent Face Recognition-Based Security Protocol in IoT-Enabled Devices 14.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces 14.2 Emotion Detection 14.3 Genetic Approach 14.4 Training 14.5 Haar Highlight Selection 14.6 Creating Integral Images 14.7 Adaboost Training 14.8 Cascading Classifier 14.8.1 Model Testing for User 14.8.2 IoT Simulation 14.9 Outcome References Chapter 15: Blockchain-Based Web 4.0: Decentralized Web for Decentralized Cloud Computing 15.1 Introduction 15.2 History of Web 15.3 Blockchain 15.4 Working of Blockchain 15.4.1 Elliptic Curve Cryptography 15.5 Centralized to Decentralized Internetwork 15.6 Features of 4.0 15.7 Comparison of Different Web Generations 15.8 Benefits of Web 4.0 15.9 Example of Web 4.0 15.10 Decentralized Storage and Web 4.0: Future of Cloud Computing 15.10.1 Blockchain and Cloud 15.10.2 Decentralized Cloud Computing 15.11 Conclusion References Chapter 16: Significance of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Blockchain IoT 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Literature Review 16.3 RSA 16.4 Steps for RSA Algo for Key Generation 16.5 Elliptic Curve Cryptography 16.6 Implementation of ECC Algorithm to Compute Encryption and Decryption Time 16.7 Security Analysis of ECC and RSA Algorithm 16.8 Conclusion Reference Chapter 17: Lightweight Trust Evaluation in IoT: Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Our Contribution 17.2 Related Work 17.3 System Model 17.3.1 Network Model and Energy Model 17.4 Proposed Model 17.4.1 Energy Metrics 17.4.2 Trust Metrics 17.4.3 Chaotic Salp Swarm Algorithm Procedure 17.5 Simulation Results 17.5.1 Simulation Matrices 17.5.2 Performance Analysis in Terms of Attacker Detection Per Round 17.5.3 Performance Analysis in Terms of Packet Loss Per Malicious Nodes 17.5.4 Performance Analysis in Terms of Residual Energy Per Number of Rounds 17.5.5 Performance Analysis in Terms of Number of Alive Nodes Per Number of Rounds 17.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective Acknowledgment References Chapter 18: Smart Card Based Privacy-Preserving Lightweight Authentication Protocol: SIGNAL for E-Payment Systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Related Works 18.3 Proposed Scheme 18.3.1 User Registration Phase 18.3.2 Payment-Gateway Registration Phase 18.3.3 Mutual Authentication and Fresh Session Key Distribution Phase 18.4 Informal Security Analysis 18.4.1 Anonymity 18.4.2 Mutual Authentication 18.4.3 Full Forward Secrecy 18.4.4 Resistance to Privilege Escalation Attack 18.4.5 Resistance to Masquerade Attack 18.4.6 Resistance to Message Replay Attack 18.4.7 Resistance to Payment-Gateway Spoofing Attack 18.4.8 Resistance Against DOS Attack 18.4.9 Simulation Results using AVISPA 18.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Index Challenges generated by the integration of cloud and IoT / Farooq Ahmad and Mohammad Faisal -- Practical implementation of an asset management system according to ISO 55001 : a future direction in the cloud & IoT paradigm. / V. González-Prida, C. Parra, A. Crespo, F. Pérès and C. Martin -- ERP on the cloud : evolution, benefits and critical success factors / Deepak Saxena and Jitendra Kumar Verma -- Case study based on optimal inspection timing for a motor-fan assembly. a view on performance and reliability in cloud-IoT / Edgar Fuenmayor, Carlos Parra, Vicente González-Prida, Adolfo Crespo, Antonio Sola, Fredy Kristjanpoller and Pablos Viveros -- Predictive edge computing of SST time series based marine warning system using cloud computing infrastructure / Geetali Saha, Bannishikha Banerjee and Foram M Joshi -- Solar PV and HTC-PFM device : a scheme for smart poultry farm / S.M. Masum Ahmed, Mohammad Zeyad and Md. Shehzad -- CloudIoT for pollution monitoring : a multivariate weighted ensemble forecasting approach for prediction of suspended particulate matter -- Energy balance indicators calculation software for energy management systems / Andrii Perekrest, Vita Ogar, Mykhailo Kushch-Zhyrko and Olga Gerasimenko -- A comparison of cloud-IoT based frameworks of identification and monitoring of COVID-19 cases / Sargam Yadav, Abhishek Kaushik and Mahak Sharma -- Telemedicine, telehealth and e-health : a digital transfiguration of standard healthcare system / Pankaj Kumar, Faisal Rehman and Poonam Vashishta -- The smart accident prediction system using Internet of things / Ganesh Khekare, Pushpneel Verma and Seema Raut -- An efficient lightweight location privacy scheme for VANET / Intyaz Alam, Sushil Kumar and Manoj Kumar -- Energy efficient privacy preserving vehicle registration (ENTRANCE) protocol for V2X communication in VANET / N. Sasikaladevi, K.Geetha, S. Aarthi and C.Mala -- Emotion independent face recognition-based security protocol in IoT enabled devices / Bannishikha Banerjee and Geetali Saha -- Blockchain based Web 4.0 : decentralized web for decentralized cloud computing / Arvind Panwar, Shyla and Vishal Bhatnagar -- Significance of elliptic curve cryptography in blockchain IoT / Ashok Kumar Yadav and Karan Singh -- Lightweight trust evaluation in IoT : bio inspired metaheuristic approach / Indu Dohare and Karan Singh -- Smart card-based privacy preserving lightweight authentication protocol--SIGNAL for e-payment systems / N. Sasikaladevi, K.Geetha, S. Aarthi and C. Mala