Basic nursing : concepts, skills, & reasoning

* Explores the **full-spectrum nursing model** of **thinking, doing**, and **caring** and reinforces the model with critical-thinking questions in every chapter. * Follows a **multi-cultural, multi-generational, Asian-American family case study** that brings nursing theory to life. * Presents additional **case studies** in each chapter that explain the **nurse’s role** in today’s **complex healthcare system**. * Promotes **critical thinking** with **headers presented as questions**. * Uses informational learning boxes to break **complex topics** into **manageable sections**, perfect for chapter review now and exam prep later. * Poses **critical-thinking questions** that challenge you to “think like nurse’ and prepare for professional practice. * Presents **illustrated, step-by-step procedures** with **rationales** that deliver all the information you need for the skills lab or clinical. * Promotes effective care planning with **care plans** and **concept care maps** as well as NANDA, NIC, and NOC. * Describes the **research evidence** related to the chapter topic and encourages further study. * Includes **QSEN competencies** throughout. Cover Front Matter Contents in Brief Title Page Copyright Page Authors Dedication Preface Contributors Reviewers Acknowledgments Table of Contents Meet the Nguyens Unit 1 How Nurses Think Chapter 1 Nursing Past & Present ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS NURSING IMAGES THROUGHOUT HISTORY CONTEMPORARY NURSING: EDUCATION, REGULATION, AND ORGANIZATION CONTEMPORARY NURSING: CARING FOR CLIENTS WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE? Chapter 2 Critical Thinking & the Nursing Process WHAT IS YOUR VIEW OF NURSING? ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING? WHY IS CRITICAL THINKING IMPORTANT FOR NURSES? A MODEL FOR CRITICAL THINKING WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF NURSING KNOWLEDGE? WHAT IS THE NURSING PROCESS? WHAT IS CARING? WHAT IS FULL-SPECTRUM NURSING? Chapter 3 Assessment ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS ASSESSMENT: THE FIRST STEP OF THE NURSING PROCESS WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A NURSING HEALTH HISTORY? INTERVIEWING PATIENTS HOW AND WHEN SHOULD I VALIDATE DATA? HOW CAN I ORGANIZE DATA? HOW SHOULD I DOCUMENT DATA? REFLECTING CRITICALLY ABOUT ASSESSMENT Chapter 4 Diagnosis ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS DIAGNOSIS: THE SECOND STEP OF THE NURSING PROCESS WHAT IS DIAGNOSTIC REASONING? REFLECTING CRITICALLY ON YOUR DIAGNOSTIC REASONING HOW ARE DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS WRITTEN? REFLECTING CRITICALLY ABOUT DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS Chapter 5 Planning Outcomes ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS PLANNING? NURSING CARE PLANS WHAT IS THE PROCESS FOR WRITING AN INDIVIDUALIZED NURSING CARE PLAN? PLANNING PATIENT GOALS/OUTCOMES REFLECTING CRITICALLY ABOUT EXPECTED OUTCOMES/GOALS Chapter 6 Planning Interventions ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE NURSING INTERVENTIONS? HOW DO I DECIDE WHICH INTERVENTIONS TO USE? HOW CAN I USE STANDARDIZED LANGUAGE TO PLAN INTERVENTIONS? WHAT ARE NURSING ORDERS, AND HOW DO I WRITE THEM? Chapter 7 Implementation & Evaluation ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS IMPLEMENTATION: THE ACTION PHASE OF THE NURSING PROCESS EVALUATION: THE FINAL STEP OF THE NURSING PROCESS Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS THE IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORY AND RESEARCH NURSING THEORIES NURSING RESEARCH Unit 2 Factors Affecting Health Chapter 9 Development: Infancy Through Middle Age ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HOW DOES DEVELOPMENT OCCUR? THE GESTATIONAL PERIOD: CONCEPTION TO BIRTH NEONATAL PERIOD: BIRTH TO 28 DAYS INFANCY: 1 MONTH TO 1 YEAR OF AGE TODDLERHOOD: AGES 1 TO 3 YEARS PRESCHOOL STAGE: AGES 4 AND 5 YEARS SCHOOL-AGE: AGES 6 TO 12 YEARS ADOLESCENCE: AGES 12 TO 18 YEARS YOUNG ADULTHOOD: AGES 19 TO 40 YEARS MIDDLE ADULTHOOD: AGES 40 TO 64 YEARS PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Chapter 10 Development: Older Adulthood ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS PERSPECTIVES ON AGING AGING IN PLACE AND ALTERNATIVES THEORIES OF AGING STAGES OF OLDER ADULTHOOD DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES OF OLDER ADULTS PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Chapter 11 Experiencing Health & Illness ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND HEALTH AND ILLNESS? HOW DO PEOPLE EXPERIENCE HEALTH AND ILLNESS? WHAT FACTORS DISRUPT HEALTH? WHY DO PEOPLE EXPERIENCE ILLNESS DIFFERENTLY? USING THE NURSING PROCESS TO PROMOTE HEALTH PROCEDURES Chapter 12 Stress & Adaptation ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS STRESS? HOW DO COPING AND ADAPTATION RELATE TO STRESS? HOW DO PEOPLE RESPOND TO STRESSORS? COMMON PROBLEMS WHEN ADAPTATION FAILS Chapter 13 Psychosocial Health & Illness ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH COMMON PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS NURSING CARE TO PROMOTE PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH Chapter 14 Family ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS A FAMILY? WHAT THEORIES ARE USEFUL FOR FAMILY CARE? WHAT ARE SOME FAMILY HEALTH RISK FACTORS? WHAT ARE SOME CHALLENGES TO FAMILY HEALTH? Chapter 15 Culture & Ethnicity ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHY LEARN ABOUT CULTURE? WHAT IS MEANT BY CULTURE? HOW DO CULTURAL VALUES, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES AFFECT HEALTH? WHAT IS THE “CULTURE OF HEALTHCARE”? WHAT IS CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE? WHAT ARE SOME BARRIERS TO CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE? Chapter 16 Spirituality ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HISTORY OF SPIRITUALITY IN NURSING WHAT ARE RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY? HOW MIGHT SPIRITUAL BELIEFS AFFECT HEALTH? MAJOR RELIGIONS: WHAT SHOULD I KNOW? Chapter 17 Loss, Grief, & Dying ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS LOSS? WHAT IS GRIEF? DEATH AND DYING Unit 3 Essential Nursing Interventions Chapter 18 Documenting & Reporting ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS DOCUMENTATION ORAL REPORTING GUIDELINES FOR DOCUMENTING CARE Chapter 19 Vital Signs ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE VITAL SIGNS? BODY TEMPERATURE PULSE RESPIRATION BLOOD PRESSURE PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Chapter 20 Communicating & Therapeutic Relationships ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT COMMUNICATION? WHAT IS COLLABORATIVE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS? Chapter 21 Physical Assessment ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF A PHYSICAL EXAMINATION? THE GENERAL SURVEY THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM THE HEAD THE NECK THE BREASTS AND AXILLAE THE CHEST AND LUNGS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM THE ABDOMEN THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM Chapter 22 Infection Prevention & Control ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHY MUST NURSES KNOW ABOUT INFECTION PROCESSES? HOW DOES INFECTION OCCUR? WHAT ARE THE BODY’S DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION? WHAT FACTORS INCREASE HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY? PRACTICING MEDICAL ASEPSIS PRACTICING SURGICAL ASEPSIS INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS SUMMARY Chapter 23 Safety ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY WHAT FACTORS AFFECT SAFETY? WHAT SAFETY HAZARDS ARE IN THE HOME? WHAT SAFETY HAZARDS ARE IN THE COMMUNITY? WHAT SAFETY HAZARDS ARE IN THE HEALTHCARE FACILITY? Chapter 24 Hygiene ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HYGIENE AND SELF-CARE CARE OF THE SKIN CARE OF THE FEET CARE OF THE NAILS ORAL HYGIENE CARE OF THE HAIR CARE OF THE EYES CARE OF THE EARS CARE OF THE NOSE THE CLIENT’S ENVIRONMENT Chapter 25 Medicating Patients ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HOW ARE DRUGS NAMED AND CLASSIFIED? WHAT MECHANISMS PROMOTE DRUG QUALITY AND SAFETY? WHAT IS PHARMACOKINETICS? WHAT IS PHARMACODYNAMICS? HOW DO I MEASURE AND CALCULATE DOSAGE? WHAT MUST I KNOW ABOUT MEDICATION PRESCRIPTIONS? MEDICATION ERRORS ENSURING SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTERING ORAL MEDICATIONS ADMINISTERING TOPICAL MEDICATIONS PERFORMING IRRIGATIONS AND INSTILLATIONS ADMINISTERING RESPIRATORY INHALATIONS ADMINISTERING PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS Chapter 26 Teaching & Learning ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHO ARE THE LEARNERS? WHAT ARE MY TEACHING RESPONSIBILITIES? WHAT ARE SOME BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES? Chapter 27 Health Promotion ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION? Unit 4 Supporting Physiological Function Chapter 28 Nutrition ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE SOME RELIABLE SOURCES OF NUTRITION INFORMATION? WHAT ARE THE ENERGY NUTRIENTS? WHAT ARE THE MICRONUTRIENTS? WHY IS WATER AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT? WHAT MUST I KNOW ABOUT ENERGY BALANCE? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT NUTRITION? HOW DO I SCREEN CLIENTS FOR NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS? FOCUSED NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Chapter 29 Bowel Elimination ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT? HOW DOES THE BOWEL ELIMINATE WASTE? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT BOWEL ELIMINATION? BOWEL CONDITIONS MAY BE TREATED MEDICALLY AND SURGICALLY Chapter 30 Urinary Elimination ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS HOW DOES THE URINARY SYSTEM WORK? HOW DOES URINARY ELIMINATION OCCUR? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT URINARY ELIMINATION? Chapter 31 Sensory Perception ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS COMPONENTS OF THE SENSORY EXPERIENCE FACTORS AFFECTING SENSORY FUNCTION SENSORY ALTERATIONS Chapter 32 Pain ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS PAIN? WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SOMEONE HAS PAIN? WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE PAIN? HOW DOES THE BODY REACT TO PAIN? NURSING PROCESS IN ACTION Chapter 33 Activity & Exercise ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT BODY MECHANICS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY AND ACTIVITY Chapter 34 Sexual Health ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SEXUALITY SEXUAL HEALTH PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Chapter 35 Sleep & Rest ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHY DO WE NEED TO SLEEP? HOW MUCH SLEEP DO WE NEED? PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP WHAT FACTORS AFFECT SLEEP? WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS? PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Chapter 36 Skin Integrity & Wound Healing ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT FACTORS AFFECT SKIN INTEGRITY? WOUNDS CHRONIC WOUNDS Chapter 37 Oxygenation ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS THE PULMONARY SYSTEM WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM? WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE PULMONARY FUNCTION? Chapter 38 Circulation & Perfusion ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM? HOW ARE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTED? HOW IS CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION REGULATED? WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION? Chapter 39 Fluids, Electrolytes, & Acid–Base Balance ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS BODY FLUIDS Unit 5 The Context for Nurses’ Work Chapter 40 Perioperative Nursing ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PREOPERATIVE CARE INTRAOPERATIVE CARE POSTOPERATIVE CARE Chapter 41 Community & Home Nursing ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING WORKING WITHIN COMMUNITIES APPLYING THE NURSING PROCESS IN COMMUNITY-BASED CARE UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF HOME HEALTHCARE? WHO PROVIDES HOME HEALTHCARE? WHO PAYS FOR HOME HEALTHCARE? WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF HOME HEALTHCARE? HOW ARE CLIENTS REFERRED TO HOME HEALTHCARE? HOW DO I MAKE A HOME VISIT? NURSING PROCESS IN HOME CARE Chapter 42 Nursing Ethics ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS ETHICS AND MORALS WHAT IS NURSING ETHICS? WHAT FACTORS AFFECT MORAL DECISIONS? ETHICAL ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE VALUES CLARIFICATION ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Chapter 43 Legal Issues ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT ARE THE SOURCES AND TYPES OF LAW? WHAT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GUIDE NURSING PRACTICE? WHAT IS CRIMINAL LAW? WHAT IS CIVIL LAW? LITIGATION IN CIVIL CLAIMS WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON MALPRACTICE CLAIMS? HOW CAN YOU MINIMIZE YOUR MALPRACTICE RISKS? SUMMARY Chapter 44 Nursing Informatics ABOUT THE KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS NURSING INFORMATICS? UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS COMPUTERS IN THE WORKPLACE COMPUTERS AND HEALTHCARE REFORM INFORMATICS IN NURSING PRACTICE WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF AN ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD? USING INFORMATICS TO SUPPORT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE BIBLIOGRAPHY CREDITS INDEX Awarded second place in the 2014 AJN Book of the Year Awards in the Medical-Surgical Nursing category! Thinking. Doing. Caring. Leslie S. Treas and Judith Wilkinson, the team that brings you the two-volume approach featured in Fundamentals of Nursing, integrate all of the content and features that are its hallmarks into one carefully designed and written volume that teaches you to think like nurse from the very first day. In every chapter, youll first explore the theoretical knowledge behind the concepts, principles, and rationales. Then, youll study the practical knowledge involved in the processes; and finally, youll learn the skills and procedures Designed for all learning styles, the text, electronic study guide, and a wealth of interactive resources work together to create a multimedia-rich learning experience for traditional and non-traditional students. Bonus! Electronic Study Guide This interactive, knowledge-building tool features a wealth of learning activities and resources. Its like having a 500-page workbook at your fingertips. Looking to bundle your text with an EHR? Learn more here! Explore the theory behind must-know nursing concepts, principles, and rationales. Then, learn and practice the essential skills and procedures you'll need to master the fundamentals of nursing. This easy-to-read, comprehensive resource gives you the foundation you need to meet the challenges you'll face in your new career as a nurse. -- From publisher's description