Abnormal Psychology, 7th Edition

It's not about them, it's about all of us. With a focus on critical thinking, Oltmanns and Emery prepare students for the DSM-V and beyond by addressing key issues and concepts that will remain, even as diagnostic criteria change. In Abnormal Psychology, 7 th edition Oltmanns and Emery bring both the science and personal aspects of abnormal psychology to life with a focus on evidence-based practice and emerging research. The authors emphasize that abnormal psychology is not about "them," it's about all of us. Using extensive case studies, they present the most cutting edge information on abnormal psychology by covering methods and treatment in context. Organized around the way students learn, this ground breaking text integrates the biological, psychological, and social perspectives in one concurrent story. Teaching & Learning Experience Personalize Learning – The new MyPsychLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking – With a focus on critical thinking students are encouraged to be “inquiring skeptics.” Engage Students – “Speaking Out” video series and case studies woven throughout each chapter engage students in the science and the practice of abnormal psychology. Explore Research – Detailed coverage of research methods and treatment is presented in every chapter; treatment is also covered in a standalone chapter. Support Instructors – “Speaking Out” videos on DVD, MyPsychLab’s Class Prep, video embedded PowerPoints on DVD, MyTest, clicker questions, and an instructor’s manual provide extensive support for instructors. Note: MyPsychLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyPsychLab, please visit: www.mypsychlab.com or you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyPsychLab (at no additional cost). VP: 9780205229260 Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 4 Brief Contents......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 27 Acknowledgments......Page 33 About the Authors......Page 35 1 EXAMPLES AND DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR......Page 37 Case Study: A Husband's Paranoid Schizophrenia......Page 38 Recognizing the Presence of a Disorder......Page 40 Harmful Dysfunction......Page 41 Culture and Diagnostic Practice......Page 43 Critical Thinking Matters: Is Sexual Addiction a Meaningful Concept?......Page 44 Case Study: A College Student's Eating Disorder......Page 45 Frequency in and Impact on Community Populations......Page 46 The Mental Health Professions......Page 48 The Creation of the Asylum......Page 50 Worcester Lunatic Hospital: A Model Institution......Page 51 Lessons from the History of Psychopathology......Page 52 The Uses and Limitations of Case Studies......Page 53 Research Methods: Who Must Provide Scientific Evidence?......Page 54 Clinical Research Methods......Page 55 Getting Help......Page 56 2 CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR......Page 59 Case Study: Meghan's Many Hardships......Page 60 The Biological Paradigm......Page 61 The Psychodynamic Paradigm......Page 62 The Cognitive-Behavioral Paradigm......Page 63 The Problem with Paradigms......Page 64 Holism......Page 65 Research Methods: Correlations: Does a Psychology Major Make You Smarter?......Page 66 Causality......Page 67 The Neuron and Neurotransmitters......Page 68 Neurotransmitters and Psychopathology......Page 69 Major Brain Structures......Page 70 Cerebral Hemispheres......Page 71 Psychophysiology......Page 73 Behavior Genetics......Page 74 Critical Thinking Matters: Do Vaccinations Cause Autism?......Page 77 Human Nature......Page 79 Emotions......Page 80 The Sense of Self......Page 81 Stages of Development......Page 82 Close Relationships......Page 83 Prejudice, Poverty, and Society......Page 84 Getting Help......Page 85 3 TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS......Page 87 Case Study: Why Is Frances Depressed?......Page 88 Four Views of Frances......Page 89 Biological Treatments......Page 90 Psychopharmacology......Page 92 Freudian Psychoanalysis......Page 94 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy......Page 95 Other Exposure Therapies......Page 96 Research Methods: The Experimental Method: Does Therapy Cause Improvement?......Page 97 Cognitive Techniques......Page 98 Humanistic Therapies......Page 99 Does Psychotherapy Work?......Page 100 Critical Thinking Matters: Are All Therapies Created Equal?......Page 101 Psychotherapy Process Research......Page 104 Couple, Family, and Group Therapy......Page 106 Family Therapy......Page 107 Prevention......Page 108 Getting Help......Page 109 4 CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR......Page 111 Case Study: Obsessions, Compulsions, and Other Unusual Behaviors......Page 112 From Description to Theory......Page 114 The DSM-IV-TR System......Page 116 Culture and Classification......Page 117 Development of DSM-V (The Next Step)......Page 118 Validity......Page 119 Research Methods: Reliability: Agreement Regarding Diagnostic Decisions......Page 120 Problems and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR System......Page 121 Purposes of Clinical Assessment......Page 122 Evaluating the Usefulness of Assessment Procedures......Page 123 Psychological Assessment Procedures......Page 124 Interviews......Page 125 Observational Procedures......Page 127 Personality Tests and Self-Report Inventories......Page 129 Projective Personality Tests......Page 131 Biological Assessment Procedures......Page 132 Brain Imaging Techniques......Page 133 Psychophysiological Assessment......Page 134 Getting Help......Page 136 5 MOOD DISORDERS AND SUICIDE......Page 138 Case Study: An Attorney's Major Depressive Episode......Page 140 Case Study: Debbie's Manic Episode......Page 141 Emotional Symptoms......Page 142 Somatic Symptoms......Page 143 Contemporary Diagnostic Systems......Page 144 Course and Outcome......Page 147 Incidence and Prevalence......Page 148 Risk for Mood Disorders Across the Life Span......Page 149 Causes......Page 150 Social Factors......Page 151 Psychological Factors......Page 153 Biological Factors......Page 155 Integration of Social, Psychological, and Biological Factors......Page 158 Research Methods: Analogue Studies: Do Rats Get Depressed, and Why?......Page 159 Unipolar Disorders......Page 160 Bipolar Disorders......Page 162 Critical Thinking Matters: Do Antidepressant Drugs Cause Violent Behavior?......Page 163 Seasonal Mood Disorders......Page 164 Classification of Suicide......Page 165 Frequency of Suicide......Page 167 Causes of Suicide......Page 168 Treatment of Suicidal People......Page 169 Getting Help......Page 171 6 ANXIETY DISORDERS......Page 174 Case Study: A Writer's Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia......Page 175 Anxiety......Page 176 Panic Attacks......Page 177 Obsessions and Compulsions......Page 178 Case Study: Ed's Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder......Page 179 Brief Historical Perspective......Page 180 Contemporary Classification......Page 181 Prevalence......Page 183 Anxiety Across the Life Span......Page 184 Adaptive and Maladaptive Fears......Page 185 Social Factors......Page 186 Psychological Factors......Page 187 Biological Factors......Page 189 Critical Thinking Matters: Can a Strep Infection Trigger OCD in Children?......Page 191 Treatment......Page 192 Psychological Interventions......Page 193 Biological Interventions......Page 194 Research Methods: Statistical Significance: When Differences Matter......Page 195 Getting Help......Page 197 7 ACUTE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS, DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS......Page 199 Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders......Page 200 Symptoms of ASD and PTSD......Page 201 Diagnosis of ASD and PTSD......Page 202 Frequency of Trauma, PTSD, and ASD......Page 205 Biological Effects of Exposure to Trauma......Page 207 Prevention and Treatment of ASD and PTSD......Page 209 Case Study: Dissociative Fugue—Dallae's Journey......Page 211 Hysteria and the Unconscious......Page 212 Symptoms of Dissociative Disorders......Page 213 Diagnosis of Dissociative Disorders......Page 214 Critical Thinking Matters: Recovered Memories?......Page 215 Frequency of Dissociative Disorders......Page 217 Causes of Dissociative Disorders......Page 218 Research Methods: Retrospective Reports: Remembering the Past......Page 219 Somatoform Disorders......Page 220 Diagnosis of Somatoform Disorders......Page 221 Frequency of Somatoform Disorders......Page 224 Causes of Somatoform Disorders......Page 225 Treatment of Somatoform Disorders......Page 227 Getting Help......Page 228 8 STRESS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH......Page 230 Defining Stress......Page 232 Stress as a Life Event......Page 233 Psychophysiological Responses to Stress......Page 234 Coping......Page 237 Critical Thinking Matters: Resilience......Page 238 Health Behavior......Page 239 Cancer......Page 240 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)......Page 241 Pain Management......Page 242 Sleep Disorders......Page 243 Symptoms of CVD......Page 244 Frequency of CVD......Page 245 Causes of CVD......Page 246 Research Methods: Longitudinal Studies: Lives over Time......Page 248 Prevention and Treatment of CVD......Page 249 Getting Help......Page 252 9 PERSONALITY DISORDERS......Page 254 Case Study: A Car Thief’s Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 256 Social Motivation......Page 257 Temperament and Personality Traits......Page 258 Context and Personality......Page 259 Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders......Page 260 Critical Thinking Matters: Can Personality Disorders Be Adaptive?......Page 261 Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders......Page 262 Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorders......Page 263 A Dimensional Perspective on Personality Disorders......Page 264 Gender Differences......Page 266 Culture and Personality......Page 267 Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD)......Page 268 Research Methods: Cross-Cultural Comparisons: The Importance of Context......Page 269 Causes......Page 270 Treatment......Page 271 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)......Page 272 Causes......Page 274 Treatment......Page 275 Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)......Page 276 Symptoms......Page 277 Causes......Page 279 Treatment......Page 280 Getting Help......Page 281 10 EATING DISORDERS......Page 284 Case Study: Serrita’s Anorexia......Page 286 Disturbance in Evaluating Weight or Shape......Page 287 Comorbid Psychological Disorders......Page 289 Binge Eating......Page 290 Comorbid Psychological Disorders......Page 291 Brief Historical Perspective......Page 292 Contemporary Classification......Page 293 Frequency of Eating Disorders......Page 294 Standards of Beauty......Page 295 Critical Thinking Matters: The Pressure to Be Thin......Page 296 Social Factors......Page 297 Psychological Factors......Page 298 Biological Factors......Page 300 Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa......Page 301 Interpersonal Psychotherapy......Page 302 Research Methods: Psychotherapy Placebos......Page 303 Prevention of Eating Disorders......Page 304 Getting Help......Page 305 11 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS......Page 307 Case Study: Ernest Hemingway’s Alcohol Dependence......Page 310 The Concept of Substance Dependence......Page 311 Alcohol......Page 313 Nicotine......Page 314 Opiates......Page 315 Cannabis......Page 317 Hallucinogens and Related Drugs......Page 318 DSM-IV-TR......Page 319 Other Disorders Commonly Associated with Addictions......Page 321 Frequency......Page 322 Prevalence of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence......Page 323 Risk for Addiction Across the Life Span......Page 324 Critical Thinking Matters: Should Tobacco Products Be Illegal?......Page 325 Social Factors......Page 326 Biological Factors......Page 327 Psychological Factors......Page 330 Integrated Systems......Page 331 Medications During Remission......Page 332 Cognitive Behavior Therapy......Page 333 Outcome Results and General Conclusions......Page 335 Getting Help......Page 336 12 SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS......Page 339 Case Study: Margaret and Bill’s Sexual Communication......Page 341 Symptoms......Page 342 Diagnosis......Page 344 Research Methods: Hypothetical Constructs: What Is Sexual Arousal?......Page 347 Frequency......Page 349 Causes......Page 350 Treatment......Page 352 Paraphilias......Page 354 Diagnosis......Page 355 Causes......Page 360 Treatment......Page 362 Frequency......Page 364 Treatment......Page 365 Getting Help......Page 366 13 SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS......Page 368 Case Study: A New Mother’s Paranoid Schizophrenia......Page 370 Positive Symptoms......Page 371 Negative Symptoms......Page 373 Case Study: Marsha’s Disorganized Speech and Bizarre Behavior......Page 374 Brief Historical Perspective......Page 375 Subtypes......Page 376 Related Psychotic Disorders......Page 377 Course and Outcome......Page 378 Gender Differences......Page 379 Biological Factors......Page 380 Social Factors......Page 386 Psychological Factors......Page 387 Research Methods: Comparison Groups: What Is Normal?......Page 388 The Search for Markers of Vulnerability......Page 389 Antipsychotic Medication......Page 390 Psychosocial Treatment......Page 392 Getting Help......Page 394 14 DEMENTIA, DELIRIUM, AND AMNESTIC DISORDERS......Page 397 Case Study: A Physician’s Developing Dementia......Page 399 Case Study: Dementia and Delirium—A Niece’s Terrible Discoveries......Page 400 Dementia......Page 401 Case Study: Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder—19 Going on 45......Page 406 Brief Historical Perspective......Page 407 Specific Disorders Associated with Dementia......Page 408 Critical Thinking Matters: How Can Clinicians Establish an Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease?......Page 409 Research Methods: Finding Genes That Cause Behavioral Problems......Page 412 Prevalence of Dementia......Page 414 Cross-Cultural Comparisons......Page 415 Dementia......Page 416 Environmental and Behavioral Management......Page 419 Support for Caregivers......Page 420 Getting Help......Page 421 15 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES AND AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS......Page 424 Intellectual Disabilities......Page 425 Symptoms of Intellectual Disabilities......Page 426 Research Methods: Central Tendency and Variability: What Do IQ Scores Mean?......Page 428 Diagnosis of Intellectual Disabilities......Page 430 Causes of Intellectual Disabilities......Page 431 Treatment: Prevention and Normalization......Page 436 Case Study: Temple Grandin—An Anthropologist on Mars......Page 439 Symptoms of ASD......Page 440 Diagnosis of Autism and ASD......Page 445 Frequency of ASD......Page 446 Causes of Autism......Page 447 Treatment of ASD......Page 448 Critical Thinking Matters: The Bogus Treatment Called Facilitated Communication......Page 449 Getting Help......Page 452 16 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD......Page 455 Case Study: Bad Boy, Troubled Boy, or All Boy?......Page 456 Symptoms of Externalizing......Page 457 Diagnosis of Externalizing......Page 459 Frequency of Externalizing......Page 462 Research Methods: Samples: How to Select the People We Study......Page 463 Causes of Externalizing......Page 464 Treatment of Externalizing Disorders......Page 468 Critical Thinking Matters: ADHD’s False Causes and Cures......Page 471 Case Study: Turning the Tables on Tormentors......Page 473 Symptoms of Internalizing Disorders......Page 474 Diagnosis of Internalizing and Other Disorders......Page 476 Frequency of Internalizing Disorders......Page 478 Treatment of Internalizing Disorders......Page 481 Getting Help......Page 483 17 ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS AND LIFE-CYCLE TRANSITIONS......Page 485 Symptoms......Page 487 Diagnosis......Page 488 Symptoms of the Adult Transition......Page 489 Frequency of Identity Conflicts......Page 491 Treatment During the Transition to Adult Life......Page 492 Symptoms of Family Transitions......Page 493 Causes of Difficulty in Family Transitions......Page 495 Research Methods: Genes and the Environment......Page 497 Treatment During Family Transitions......Page 498 The Transition to Later Life......Page 500 Symptoms......Page 501 Diagnosis of Aging......Page 504 Frequency of Aging......Page 505 Treatment of Psychological Problems in Later Life......Page 506 Getting Help......Page 507 18 MENTAL HEALTH AND THE LAW......Page 509 Case Study: John Hinckley and the Insanity Defense......Page 510 Expert Witnesses......Page 511 The Insanity Defense......Page 512 Competence to Stand Trial......Page 515 Sentencing and Mental Health......Page 518 A Brief History of U.S. Mental Hospitals......Page 519 Involuntary Hospitalization......Page 520 Critical Thinking Matters: Violence and Mental Illness......Page 521 Research Methods: Base Rates and Prediction: Justice Blackmun’s Error......Page 522 The Rights of Mental Patients......Page 523 Deinstitutionalization......Page 526 Child Custody Disputes......Page 527 Child Abuse......Page 528 Professional Negligence and Malpractice......Page 530 Confidentiality......Page 531 Getting Help......Page 532 A......Page 535 B......Page 536 C......Page 537 D......Page 539 E......Page 541 G......Page 542 H......Page 543 L......Page 544 N......Page 545 P......Page 546 S......Page 549 V......Page 551 W......Page 552 References......Page 553 Credits......Page 641 B......Page 643 D......Page 644 G......Page 645 K......Page 646 M......Page 647 O......Page 648 S......Page 649 T......Page 650 Z......Page 651 A......Page 653 B......Page 655 C......Page 656 D......Page 658 E......Page 660 G......Page 661 I......Page 662 L......Page 663 M......Page 664 N......Page 665 P......Page 666 R......Page 668 S......Page 669 T......Page 671 Z......Page 672